Modeling metal sorption in soils is of great importance to predict the fate of heavy metals and to assess the actual risk driven from pollution. The present study focuses on adsorption of HM ions on two types of hydromorphic soils, including calcaric fluvisols loamic and calcaric fluvic arenosols. The individual and competitive adsorption behaviors of Cu and Zn on soils and soil constituents are evaluated comprehensively. It is established that the sorption processes were best described with the Langmuir model. The results suggest that the calcaric fluvic arenosols are more vulnerable to heavy metal input compared to fluvisols loamic. In all cases, Cu had a higher range of values of the adsorption process parameters relative to Zn. The Zn is likely to be the most critical environmental factor in such soils since it exhibited a decreased sorption under competitive conditions. The retention mechanisms of HM in hydromorphic soils are considered. Based on theoretical calculations of ion activity in soil solutions using solubility diagrams of Cu and Zn compounds, the possibility of precipitation of Cu hydroxide and Zn carbonate in the studied soils is shown. Direct physical methods of nondestructive testing (XAFS and XRD) are applied to experimentally prove the formation of these HM compounds on the surface of montmorillonite, the dominant mineral in hydromorphic soils, and calcite. Thus, the combination of both physicochemical methods and direct physical methods can provide a large amount of real information about the mechanisms of HM retain with solid phases.

模拟土壤中的金属吸附对于预测重金属的命运和评估污染导致的实际风险非常重要。本研究的重点是 HM 离子在两种类型的水变土壤上的吸附，包括钙质流溶胶壤土和钙质流溶胶。综合评价了Cu和Zn对土壤和土壤成分的个体吸附和竞争吸附行为。已经确定吸附过程最好用 Langmuir 模型来描述。结果表明，与壤质的fluvisols 相比，calcaric fluvic arenosols 更容易受到重金属输入的影响。在所有情况下，Cu 相对于 Zn 具有更高的吸附过程参数值范围。Zn 可能是此类土壤中最关键的环境因素，因为它在竞争条件下表现出降低的吸附作用。考虑了 HM 在水变土壤中的保留机制。基于使用铜和锌化合物溶解度图对土壤溶液中离子活性的理论计算，显示了研究土壤中氢氧化铜和碳酸锌沉淀的可能性。应用无损检测的直接物理方法（XAFS 和 XRD）通过实验证明这些 HM 化合物在水变土壤中的主要矿物蒙脱石和方解石表面形成。因此，物理化学方法和直接物理方法的结合可以提供大量关于 HM 固相保留机制的真实信息。