Ploidy level and genome size (GS) could affect the invasive capacity of plants, although these parameters can be contradictory. While small GS seems to favor dispersion, polyploidy—which increases the GS—also seems to favor it. Using a phylogenetic path analysis, we evaluated the effects of both factors on the environmental tolerance and invasive success of plants. We selected 99 invasive plant species from public online databases and gathered information about invasive capacity (number of non-original countries in which each species occurs), tolerance to environmental factors, ploidy level, and GS. The invasive capacity varied depending on the ploidy level and tolerance to environmental factors. Polyploids and species with increased tolerance to elevated temperatures and rainfall values exhibited high invasive capacity. We found no evidence that GS affects the invasive capacity of plants. We suggest that the genetic variability provided by polyploidization has a positive impact on plant competitiveness, which may ultimately lead to an increased ability to colonize new environments. In a global warming scenario, integrative approaches using phenotypic, genetic, epigenetic, and ecological traits should be a productive route to unveil the aspects of invasive plants.

倍性水平和基因组大小（GS）可能会影响植物的入侵能力，尽管这些参数可能是矛盾的。虽然较小的GS似乎有利于分散，但增加GS的多倍体似乎也有利于分散。使用系统发育路径分析，我们评估了这两个因素对植物的环境耐受性和入侵成功的影响。我们从公共在线数据库中选择了99种入侵植物物种，并收集了有关入侵能力（每种物种所处的非原始国家的数量），对环境因素的耐受性，倍性水平和GS的信息。侵袭能力根据倍性水平和对环境因素的耐受性而变化。对升高的温度和降雨值具有更高的耐受性的多倍体和物种表现出高侵入能力。我们没有发现证据表明GS会影响植物的入侵能力。我们建议多倍体化提供的遗传变异性对植物竞争力具有积极影响，这可能最终导致殖民新环境的能力增强。在全球变暖的情况下，利用表型，遗传，表观遗传和生态特征的综合方法应该是揭示入侵植物方面的一条生产性途径。