Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) is an important grain legume in tropical and subtropical regions. It requires low resource inputs and has a high nutritional value. Therefore, cowpea can play an important role in the development of agriculture. In southern Mexico, Mayan farmers have conserved and developed cowpea landraces for centuries. Nevertheless, information on their genetic diversity, conservation status and potential use is minimal. To generate information toward sustainable use, management and conservation of this species, we evaluated the genetic diversity and structure of 20 cowpea landraces from southeast Mexico using 10 inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) molecular markers. These ISSR markers generated 68 loci with a 67.7% polymorphism rate and average polymorphic information content of 0.36. The results of Bayesian assignation and the UPGMA analysis suggest the formation of two main groups defined by their genetic origin in southeast Mexico. High levels of genetic structure were found with a moderate level of genetic diversity distributed mainly between landraces. Low levels of intra-landrace variability were observed. Two landraces (P5 and P12) from Calakmul resulted in the high levels of genetic diversity. The selected markers were efficient at assessing genetic variability among Mexican cowpea landraces, providing valuable information that can be used in local conservation and participatory breeding programmes.

中文翻译：

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使用 ISSR 标记的墨西哥东南部 Vigna unguiculata L. (Walp.) 地方品种的遗传多样性和结构分析

豇豆 (豇豆L. Walp.) 是热带和亚热带地区重要的谷物豆科植物。它需要的资源投入少，营养价值高。因此，豇豆可以在农业发展中发挥重要作用。在墨西哥南部，几个世纪以来，玛雅农民一直在保护和开发豇豆地方品种。然而，关于它们的遗传多样性、保护状况和潜在用途的信息很少。为了生成有关该物种可持续利用、管理和保护的信息，我们使用 10 个简单序列重复 (ISSR) 分子标记评估了来自墨西哥东南部的 20 个豇豆地方品种的遗传多样性和结构。这些ISSR标记产生了68个位点，多态率为67.7%，平均多态信息含量为0.36。贝叶斯分配和 UPGMA 分析的结果表明，在墨西哥东南部形成了由其遗传起源定义的两个主要群体。发现高水平的遗传结构和中等水平的遗传多样性，主要分布在地方品种之间。观察到低水平的地方品种内变异性。Calakmul 的两个地方品种（P5 和 P12）导致了高水平的遗传多样性。选定的标记可有效评估墨西哥豇豆地方品种的遗传变异性，提供可用于当地保护和参与性育种计划的宝贵信息。观察到低水平的地方品种内变异性。Calakmul 的两个地方品种（P5 和 P12）导致了高水平的遗传多样性。选定的标记可有效评估墨西哥豇豆地方品种的遗传变异性，提供可用于当地保护和参与性育种计划的宝贵信息。观察到低水平的地方品种内变异性。Calakmul 的两个地方品种（P5 和 P12）导致了高水平的遗传多样性。选定的标记可有效评估墨西哥豇豆地方品种的遗传变异性，提供可用于当地保护和参与性育种计划的宝贵信息。