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Correlation of Structural Properties and Dielectric Spectroscopy in Pb-Doped Barium Hexaferrites
Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism ( IF 1.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-03 , DOI: 10.1007/s10948-020-05722-9
Waqar Mahmood , A. Haq , Shahid Rasheed , M. Waqas , M. Anis-ur-Rehman

Ba1-xPbxFe12O19 (x = 0.0 to 1.0) was synthesized by a co-precipitation method at room temperature. Parent compounds used were oxides of iron and lead, while barium was used in a carbonated form. Acids and Di-H2O were used as a solute. Na-Alkaline solution with molarity 5 was used for fertilization. Iron to barium ratio was kept 12. Washing played a vital role to minimize the impurities. It also improved the homogeneity. Semi-liquid-type material was obtained after overnight drying in an oven. It was further transformed into powder form which further processed, and pellets were formed for characterizations. These pellets were sintered for 3 h in a box furnace at 965 ± 5 °C. Growth along with its surface and dimensional modifications were analyzed by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It showed almost 70% phase purity. Lead physical properties like higher mobility, ionic radii (Pb2+ = 1.76 Å & Ba = 1.37 Å), and occupancy preference were the important reasons for the investigation during heat treatment. Lead doping in R blocks was another big reason for these variations. SEM showed modification in all respect in each successive composition. Frequency-based analysis of whole composition from room temperature to 973 K with a step of 100 has discussed. Frequency precession analyzer was used from 20 Hz to 3 MHz for each sample. Obtained data was used to calculate dielectric constant, dielectric loss and dielectric loss factor, and AC conductivity. Determined parameters were further studied with respect to respective temperatures during whole applied frequency spectrum. The study contains almost different behaviors from each other. Prime factors were heat treatment, impurities, dopant (x), and variation of applied electric field. These behaviors and trends could be useful for today’s modern IT applications and other related electrical and electronic components like capacitors. It could also be useful for high frequency microwave and related network applications.



中文翻译:

掺Pb钡铁氧体的结构性质和介电谱的相关性

 在室温下通过共沉淀法合成Ba 1-x Pb x Fe 12 O 19x = 0.0至1.0)。所用的母体化合物是铁和铅的氧化物,而钡则以碳酸形式使用。酸和Di-H 2 O被用作溶质。使用摩尔浓度为5的Na-碱性溶液进行施肥。铁钡比例保持在12。洗涤在最小化杂质方面起着至关重要的作用。它还提高了同质性。在烤箱中干燥过夜后,获得半液体型材料。将其进一步转变成粉末形式,进一步处理,并形成颗粒进行表征。将这些粒料在箱式炉中于965±5°C的温度下烧结3小时。通过X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了生长及其表面和尺寸的变化。它显示出近70%的相纯度。铅的物理性质,例如更高的迁移率,离子半径(Pb 2+ = 1.76Å&Ba = 1.37Å),而占用偏好是进行热处理时进行调查的重要原因。R块中的铅掺杂是造成这些变化的另一个重要原因。SEM在每个连续的组成中在所有方面均显示出改性。讨论了从室温到973 K(以100为步长)对整个成分进行基于频率的分析。每个样品使用频率进动分析仪,频率从20 Hz到3 MHz。获得的数据用于计算介电常数,介电损耗和介电损耗因子以及交流电导率。相对于整个应用频谱期间的各个温度,进一步研究了确定的参数。该研究包含几乎彼此不同的行为。主要因素是热处理,杂质,掺杂剂(x),以及施加电场的变化。这些行为和趋势可能对当今的现代IT应用以及电容器等其他相关电气和电子组件很有用。它对高频微波和相关网络应用也可能有用。

更新日期:2020-11-04
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