Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Correlation of Structural Properties and Dielectric Spectroscopy in Pb-Doped Barium Hexaferrites

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Ba1-xPbxFe12O19 (x = 0.0 to 1.0) was synthesized by a co-precipitation method at room temperature. Parent compounds used were oxides of iron and lead, while barium was used in a carbonated form. Acids and Di-H2O were used as a solute. Na-Alkaline solution with molarity 5 was used for fertilization. Iron to barium ratio was kept 12. Washing played a vital role to minimize the impurities. It also improved the homogeneity. Semi-liquid-type material was obtained after overnight drying in an oven. It was further transformed into powder form which further processed, and pellets were formed for characterizations. These pellets were sintered for 3 h in a box furnace at 965 ± 5 °C. Growth along with its surface and dimensional modifications were analyzed by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It showed almost 70% phase purity. Lead physical properties like higher mobility, ionic radii (Pb2+ = 1.76 Å & Ba = 1.37 Å), and occupancy preference were the important reasons for the investigation during heat treatment. Lead doping in R blocks was another big reason for these variations. SEM showed modification in all respect in each successive composition. Frequency-based analysis of whole composition from room temperature to 973 K with a step of 100 has discussed. Frequency precession analyzer was used from 20 Hz to 3 MHz for each sample. Obtained data was used to calculate dielectric constant, dielectric loss and dielectric loss factor, and AC conductivity. Determined parameters were further studied with respect to respective temperatures during whole applied frequency spectrum. The study contains almost different behaviors from each other. Prime factors were heat treatment, impurities, dopant (x), and variation of applied electric field. These behaviors and trends could be useful for today’s modern IT applications and other related electrical and electronic components like capacitors. It could also be useful for high frequency microwave and related network applications.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Trukhanov, S.V., Trukhanov, A.V., Turchenko, V.A., Kostishyn, V.G., Panina, L.V., Kazakevich, I.S., Balagurov, A.M.: Structure and magnetic properties of BaFe11.9In0.1O19 hexaferrite in a wide temperature range. J. Alloys Compd. 689, 383–393 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Trukhanov, S.V., Trukhanov, A.V., Kostishin, V.G., Panina, L.V., Kazakevich, I.S., Turchenko, V.A., Kochervinskii, V.V.: Coexistence of spontaneous polarization and magnetization in substituted M-type hexaferrites BaFe12 – xAlxO19 (x ≤ 1.2) at room temperature. JETP Lett. 103, 106–112 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. Trukhanov, S.V., Trukhanov, A.V., Turchenko, V.A., Trukhanov, A.V., Tishkevich, D.I., Trukhanova, E.L., Zubar, T.I., Karpinsky, D.V., Kostishyn, V.G., Panina, L.V., Vinnik, D.A., Gudkova, S.A., Trofimov, E.A., Thakur, P., Thakur, A., Yang, Y.: Magnetic and dipole moments in indium doped barium hexaferrites. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 457, 83–96 (2018)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. Trukhanov, S.V., Trukhanov, A.V., Kostishyn, V.G., Panina, L.V., Trukhanov, A.V., Turchenko, V.A., Tishkevich, D.I., Trukhanova, E.L., Yakovenko, O.S., Matzui, L.Y.: Investigation into the structural features and microwave absorption of doped barium hexaferrites by Cite this: Dalton Trans. R. Soc. Chem. 46, 9010–9021 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Turchenkoa, V.A., Trukhanovc, S.V., Balagurov, A.M., Kostishyn, V.G., Trukhanovc, A.V., Panina, L.V., Trukhanova, E.L.: Features of crystal structure and dual ferroic properties of BaFe Me O 12 19 −x x ( = + Me In3) and Ga+3 : ( x = 0.1–1.2). 464, 139–147 (2018)

  6. Sebastian, M.T.: Dielectric materials for wireless communication. In: NIIT, India Book, 3rd edn, (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Jie, L., et al.: Transformation behavior of M type barium ferrites due to Co–Ti substitution. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 26, 4668–4674 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Cheng, Y., Ren, X.: Permeability and electromagnetic wave absorption properties of sintered barium hexaferrite with substitution of Co2+ − Zr4+. J. Mater. (2015)

  9. Abbas, S.M., Chatterjeea, R., Dixit, A.K., Kumar, A.V.R.: Electromagnetic and microwave absorption properties of Co2+ − Si4+ substituted barium hexaferrites and its polymer composite. J. Appl. Phys. 101, 74–81 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Fujiwara, T.: Barium Ferrite media for perpendicular recording. IEEE Trans. Magn. 21, 1480–1485 (1985)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. Buschow, K.H.J.: High-Density Digital Recording, vol. 182. Kluwer, Dordrecht (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Cho, et al.: Pb cation induced low-temperature crystallization of (Ba·Pb) hexaferrite thin films. J. Electroceram. 17, 365–368 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Ali, I., Awan, M.U., Ahmad, M.: Effects of heat treatment time on structural, dielectric, electrical and magnetic properties of BaM hexaferrite. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 22(7), 2104–2114 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Haq, A., Anis-ur-Rehman, M.: Effect of Pb on structural and magnetic properties of Ba-hexaferrite. J. Phys. B. 407, 822–826 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Ashima, S.S., Agarwal, A.: Rietveld refinement, electrical properties and magnetic characteristics of Ca–Sr substituted barium hexaferrites. J. Alloys Compd. 513, 436–444 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. J.C. Maxwell. Electricity and Magnetism. Oxford University Press, Section Vol 1, Vol 2 (1973) p. 328, (1929) p. 828 (2012)

  17. Koops, C.G.: On the dispersion of resistivity and dielectric constant of some semiconductors at audio frequencies. Phys. Rev. 83, 117–121 (1951)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. Wagner, K.W.: Dielectric relaxation in distributed dielectric layers. J. Ann. Phys. 345(5), 815–817 (1913)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. Chandra, M.J.: Science of engineering materials. 3, (1980)

  20. Batoo, K.M., Kumar, S.: Influence of Al doping on electrical properties of Ni-Cd nano ferrites. Curr. Appl. Phys. 9, 826–832 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. Mangalaraja, R.V., Manohar, P.: Electrical and magnetic properties of Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4/silica composite prepared by sol-gel method. J. Mater. Sci. 39, 2037–2042 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. Verma, A., Thakur, O.P., Prakash, C., Goel, T.C., Mendiratta, R.G.: Temperature dependence of electrical properties of nickel–zinc ferrites processed by the citrate precursor technique. J. Mater. Sci. Eng. B. 116, 1–6 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Narang, S.B., Singh, A., Singh, K.: High-frequency dielectric behavior of rare earth substituted Sr-M hexaferrite. J. Ceram. Process. Res. 8, 347–351 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Bellad, S.S., Coagula, B.K.: Composition and frequency dependent dielectric properties of Li-Mg-Ti ferrites. J. Mater. Chem. Phys. 66, 55–58 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Chauhan, C.C., Jotania, R.B., Jotania, K.R.: Conductivity and dielectric properties of M-type barium magnesium hexaferrite powder. I(IV), 25–27 (2012)

  26. Che, S., Wang, J., Chen, Q.: Soft magnetic nanoparticles of BaFe12O19 fabricated under mild conditions. J. Phys. 15, L335–L339 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Hudson, A.S.: Ferrite devices for magnetron protection in microwave power systems. J. Microwave Power. 10, 257–264 (1975)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Iqbal, M.J., Farooq, S.: Enhancement of electrical resistivity of Sr0.5Ba0.5Fe12O19 nanomaterials by doping with lanthanum and nickel. Mater. Chem. Phys. 118, 308–313 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Iqbal, M.J., Ashiq, M.N., Gómez, P.H.: Influence of annealing temperature and doping rate on the magnetic properties of Zr-Mn substituted Sr-hexaferrite nanoparticles. J. Alloys Compd. 500, 113–116 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Anis-ur-Rehman, M., Mahmood, W., Ghazanfar, H., Khan, M.A.A., Haq, A.: Structural and Electrical Dependence in Zn-Doped Li-Ferrite Nanostructures. J. Supercond. Nov. Magn. 4–9 (2019)

  31. Mahmood, W., Haq, A., Anis-ur-Rehman, M.: Electrical behavior of lead-doped Ba-hexaferrite for smart applications. Iran J. Sci. Technol. Trans. Sci. 1–5 (2019)

  32. Che, S., Wang, J., Chen, Q.: Soft magnetic nanoparticules of BaFe12O19 fabricated under mild conditions. J. Phys. Condens. Mater. 15, L335–L339 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. Kong, L.B., Li, Z.W., Lin, G.Q., Gan, Y.B.: Electrical and magnetic properties of magnesium ferrite ceramics doped with Bi2O3. J. Acta Materialia. 55, 6561–6572 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  34. Che, S., Wang, J., Chen, Q.: Soft magnetic nanoparticles of BaFe12O19 fabricated under mild conditions. J. Phys. Condens. Mater. 15, 335–339 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  35. Iqbal, M.J., Ashiq, M.N.: Physical and electrical properties of Zr-Cu substituted strontium hexaferrite nanoparticles synthesized by coprecipitation method. Chem. Eng. J. 136, 383–389 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Mallick, K.K., Shepherd, P., Roger, J.: Green dielectric properties of M-type barium hexaferrite prepared by co-precipitation. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 27, 2045–2052 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Jia, L., Luo, J., Zhang, H., Xue, G., Jing, Y.: High-frequency properties of Si-doped Z-type hexaferrites. J. Alloys Compd. 489, 162–166 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Watawe, S.C., Sarwede, B.D., Bellad, S.S., Sutar, B.D., Chougule, B.K.: Microstructure, frequency and temperature-dependent dielectric properties of cobalt-substituted lithium ferrites. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 214, 55–60 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. Bellad, S.S., Chougule, B.K.: Composition and frequency dependent dielectric properties of Li-Mg-Ti ferrites. Mater. Chem. Phys. 66, 58–65 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Singh, A.K., Goel, T.C., Mendiratta, R.G., Thakur, O.P., Prakash, C.: Dielectric properties of Mn-substituted Ni-Zn ferrites. J. Appl. Phys. 91, 6626 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  41. Rezlescu, N., Rezlescu, E.: Dielectric properties of copper containing ferrites. J. Phys. Status Solid. 23, 575 (1974)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  42. Kolekar, C.B., Vasambekar, P.N., Kulkarni, S.G., Vaingankar, A.S.: Effect of Gd3+ substitution on dielectric behaviour of copper cadmium ferrites. J. Mater. Sci. 30, 5784–5788 (1995)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  43. Iqbal, M.J., Khan, R.A., Mizukami, S., Miyazaki, T.: Tailoring of structural, electrical and magnetic properties of BaCo2 W-type hexaferrites by doping with Zr-Mn binary mixtures for useful applications. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 323, 2137–2144 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  44. Gul, I.H., Maqsood, A.: Influence of Zn-Zr ions on physical and magnetic properties of co-precipitated cobalt ferrite nanoparticles. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 316, 13–18 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  45. Almeida, R.M., Paraguassu, W., Pires, D.S., Corrêa, R.R., de Paschoal, C.W.A.: Impedance spectroscopy analysis of BaFe12O19 M-type hexaferrite obtained by ceramic method. Ceram. Int. 2443–2447 (2009)

  46. Chowdari, B.V.R., Krishnnan, R.G.: AC conductivity analysis of glassy silver iodomolybdate system. J. Solid State Ion. 23, 225–233 (1987)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Kao, K.C.: Dielectric phenomena in solids, vol. 2, pp. 51–43. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  48. Mazen, S.A., Zaki, H.M.: AC conductivity of Li-Ge ferrite. J. Phys. D. Appl. Phys. 28, 609–613 (1995)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  49. Junior, G.F.M.P., Rodrigues, H.O., Almeida, J.S., Sancho, E.O., Goes, J.C., Costa, M.M., Denardin, J.C., Sombra, A.S.B.: Study of the dielectric and magnetic properties of Co2Y, Y-type hexaferrite. (Ba2Co2Fe12O22) added with PbO and Bi2O3 in the RF frequency range. J. Alloys Compd. 493, 326–334 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Mazen, S.A., Zaki, H.M.: AC conductivity of Li-Ge ferrite. J. Phys. 28, 609–613 (1995)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  51. Cho, H., Kim, S.: M-Hexaferrites with planar magnetic anisotropy and their application to high-frequency microwave absorbers. IEEE Trans. Magn. 35, 3151–3153 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  52. Nedkov, I., Petkov, A., Karpov, A.: Microwave absorption in Scand Co-Ti-substituted Ba hexaferrite powders. IEEE Trans. Magn. 26, 1483–1487 (1990)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  53. Asghar, G., Anis-ur-Rehman, M.: Structral, dielectric and magnetic properties of Cr-Zn doped strontium hexa-ferrtie for high frequency applications. J. Alloys Compd. 528, 85–90 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Higher Education Commission (HEC), Applied Thermal Physics Laboratory (ATPL), COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Higher Education Commission (HEC) Islamabad, and Punjab Higher Education Commission (PHEC) Lahore, Pakistan, are acknowledged for technical and financial support to complete this work. Best wishes to all my colleagues for their moral support.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Material Synthesis & Characterizations (MSC) Laboratory, Department of Physics, Fatima Jinnah Women University (FJWU), The Mall, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan

    Waqar Mahmood

  2. Applied Thermal Physics Laboratory (ATPL), Department of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan

    A. Haq, Shahid Rasheed, M. Waqas & M. Anis-ur-Rehman

  3. Department of Physics, Government Post Graduate College (Boys) Satellite Town, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan

    A. Haq & Shahid Rasheed

Authors
  1. Waqar Mahmood
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. Haq
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Shahid Rasheed
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. M. Waqas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. M. Anis-ur-Rehman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Waqar Mahmood.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mahmood, W., Haq, A., Rasheed, S. et al. Correlation of Structural Properties and Dielectric Spectroscopy in Pb-Doped Barium Hexaferrites. J Supercond Nov Magn 34, 1765–1773 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10948-020-05722-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10948-020-05722-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation