The hand forging of cylindrical powder pellets of small weight (8.0–8.5 g), pressed at 700 MPa from mixtures of iron and graphite powders, was studied. The pre-sintered pellets were heated in charcoal at 1100°C and subjected to double-ended face forging on a heated flat anvil with a hammer with a flat striker and naturally cooled on a steel plate. The vertical setting of the forged pellets was 70-80%. The pellets were cut into samples for analysis. The influence of the graphite content on the compaction process and the mechanical properties of powder materials during hot free face forging have been established. The improvement in the properties of materials with a high graphite content (4 and 12%) was shown to be due to an increase in the number of sections for hot welding of iron grains. It is associated with shear deformation of the pellet material during free forging, contributing to the emergence of new iron–iron contacts. The high characteristics of materials containing 1.7% graphite are due to the action of several mechanisms in parallel: the dissolution of carbon in iron, decrease in total porosity, elimination of interparticle gaps, and grain refinement under shear deformation. The use of a steel shell makes it possible to significantly expand the range of powders and powder composites without rupture of the pellets in hot forging. The combination of experimental results and analytical data allowed us to conclude that hand forging was promising for a quick and cheap screening of formulations for dense powder materials.

中文翻译：

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铁基粉末球团的热自由锻

研究了手工锻造的小重量（8.0-8.5 克）圆柱形粉末球团，在 700 兆帕的压力下由铁和石墨粉的混合物压制而成。将预烧结的球团在木炭中加热至 1100°C，并在加热的平砧上用带平撞锤的锤子进行双端面锻造，然后在钢板上自然冷却。锻造球团的垂直设置为 70-80%。将粒料切成样品用于分析。已经确定了石墨含量对热自由面锻造过程中粉末材料的压制过程和机械性能的影响。具有高石墨含量（4% 和 12%）的材料性能的改善被证明是由于铁晶粒热焊段数量的增加。它与自由锻造过程中球团材料的剪切变形有关，有助于出现新的铁-铁接触。含有 1.7% 石墨的材料的高特性是由于多种机制的并行作用：碳在铁中的溶解、总孔隙率的降低、颗粒间间隙的消除以及剪切变形下的晶粒细化。钢壳的使用可以显着扩大粉末和粉末复合材料的范围，而不会在热锻中使球团破裂。实验结果和分析数据的结合使我们得出结论，手工锻造有望快速、廉价地筛选致密粉末材料的配方。含有 1.7% 石墨的材料的高特性是由于多种机制的并行作用：碳在铁中的溶解、总孔隙率的降低、颗粒间间隙的消除以及剪切变形下的晶粒细化。钢壳的使用可以显着扩大粉末和粉末复合材料的范围，而不会在热锻中使球团破裂。实验结果和分析数据的结合使我们得出结论，手工锻造有望快速、廉价地筛选致密粉末材料的配方。含有 1.7% 石墨的材料的高特性是由于多种机制的并行作用：碳在铁中的溶解、总孔隙率的降低、颗粒间间隙的消除以及剪切变形下的晶粒细化。钢壳的使用可以显着扩大粉末和粉末复合材料的范围，而不会在热锻中使球团破裂。实验结果和分析数据的结合使我们得出结论，手工锻造有望快速、廉价地筛选致密粉末材料的配方。钢壳的使用可以显着扩大粉末和粉末复合材料的范围，而不会在热锻中使球团破裂。实验结果和分析数据的结合使我们得出结论，手工锻造有望快速、廉价地筛选致密粉末材料的配方。钢壳的使用可以显着扩大粉末和粉末复合材料的范围，而不会在热锻中使球团破裂。实验结果和分析数据的结合使我们得出结论，手工锻造有望快速、廉价地筛选致密粉末材料的配方。