There is growing interest in the role of new urban agriculture models to increase local food production capacity in cities of the Global North. Urban rooftop greenhouses and hydroponics are examples of such models receiving increasing attention as a technological approach to year-round local food production in cities. Yet, little research has addressed the unintended consequences of new modes of urban farming and food distribution, such as increased competition with existing peri-urban and rural farmers. We examine how small-scale farmers perceive and have responded to a recently established rooftop greenhouse and online marketplace enterprise in Montreal, Canada. Drawing on interviews with key informants and small-scale farmers, we find that peri-urban and rural producers have been affected in three key ways that represent tensions, adaptations, and synergies arising from this new urban agriculture and food distribution enterprise. First, many farmers are concerned about increased competition and value conflation with the ideals of community supported agriculture (CSA) and organic farming. Second, some farmers have adapted by developing novel marketing strategies and working with local bridge organizations to collectively market their produce to urban consumers. Third, a few farmers have decided to wholesale their produce to this new enterprise, allowing them to specialize production and avoid marketing their produce directly to urban consumers. Our study suggests that the emergence of a new form of alternative food network in Montreal has created both positive and negative disruptions for existing small-scale producers. Advocates for the expansion of new urban food production and distribution models should therefore give greater consideration to the effects on other actors in the local food system.

中文翻译：

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成长的烦恼：加拿大蒙特利尔的城市屋顶农业和在线市场企业的小规模农民的反应

人们越来越关注新的都市农业模式在提高全球北方城市当地粮食生产能力方面的作用。城市屋顶温室和水培法就是此类模式的例子，作为城市全年当地粮食生产的技术方法，越来越受到关注。然而，很少有研究解决城市农业和粮食分配新模式的意外后果，例如与现有城郊和农村农民的竞争加剧。我们研究了小农如何看待和回应最近在加拿大蒙特利尔成立的屋顶温室和在线市场企业。通过对关键知情人和小农的采访，我们发现城郊和农村的生产者在三个主要方面受到了影响，即紧张、适应、这个新的都市农业和食品配送企业产生的协同效应。首先，许多农民担心竞争加剧和价值与社区支持农业 (CSA) 和有机农业的理想相混淆。其次，一些农民通过制定新的营销策略并与当地的桥梁组织合作，共同向城市消费者推销他们的产品。第三，一些农民决定将他们的产品批发给这家新企业，使他们能够专业化生产，避免将产品直接销售给城市消费者。我们的研究表明，蒙特利尔新形式的替代食品网络的出现对现有的小规模生产者造成了积极和消极的破坏。