Abstract Strictly regulated balance between the formation and utilization of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the basis of normal functioning of organisms. ROS play an important role in the regulation of many metabolic processes; however, excessive content of ROS leads to the development of various disorders, including oncological diseases, as a result of ROS-induced mutations in DNA. In tumors, high levels of oxygen radicals promote cell proliferation and metastasis. On the other hand, high content of ROS can trigger cell death, a phenomenon used in the antitumor therapy. Water- and lipid-soluble antioxidants, as well as antioxidant enzyme systems, can inhibit ROS generation; however, they should be used with caution. Antioxidants can suppress ROS-dependent cell proliferation and metastasis, but at the same time, they may inhibit the death of tumor cells if the antitumor therapeutic agents stimulate oxidative stress. The data on the role of antioxidants in the death of tumor cells and on the effects of antioxidants taken as dietary supplements during antitumor therapy, are contradictory. This review focuses on the mechanisms by which antioxidants can affect tumor and healthy cells.

中文翻译：

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致癌作用和肿瘤治疗中的活性氧种类和抗氧化剂

摘要 活性氧（ROS）的形成和利用之间的严格调节平衡是生物体正常功能的基础。ROS 在许多代谢过程的调节中发挥重要作用；然而，由于 ROS 诱导的 DNA 突变，过量的 ROS 会导致各种疾病的发展，包括肿瘤疾病。在肿瘤中，高水平的氧自由基促进细胞增殖和转移。另一方面，高含量的 ROS 会引发细胞死亡，这是抗肿瘤治疗中使用的一种现象。水溶性和脂溶性抗氧化剂，以及抗氧化酶系统，可以抑制活性氧的产生；但是，应谨慎使用它们。抗氧化剂可以抑制 ROS 依赖性细胞增殖和转移，但同时，如果抗肿瘤治疗剂刺激氧化应激，它们可能会抑制肿瘤细胞的死亡。关于抗氧化剂在肿瘤细胞死亡中的作用和抗肿瘤治疗期间作为膳食补充剂的抗氧化剂作用的数据是相互矛盾的。本综述重点关注抗氧化剂影响肿瘤和健康细胞的机制。