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Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidants in Carcinogenesis and Tumor Therapy

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Abstract

Strictly regulated balance between the formation and utilization of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the basis of normal functioning of organisms. ROS play an important role in the regulation of many metabolic processes; however, excessive content of ROS leads to the development of various disorders, including oncological diseases, as a result of ROS-induced mutations in DNA. In tumors, high levels of oxygen radicals promote cell proliferation and metastasis. On the other hand, high content of ROS can trigger cell death, a phenomenon used in the antitumor therapy. Water- and lipid-soluble antioxidants, as well as antioxidant enzyme systems, can inhibit ROS generation; however, they should be used with caution. Antioxidants can suppress ROS-dependent cell proliferation and metastasis, but at the same time, they may inhibit the death of tumor cells if the antitumor therapeutic agents stimulate oxidative stress. The data on the role of antioxidants in the death of tumor cells and on the effects of antioxidants taken as dietary supplements during antitumor therapy, are contradictory. This review focuses on the mechanisms by which antioxidants can affect tumor and healthy cells.

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Abbreviations

GPx:

glutathione peroxidase

HIF:

hypoxia-inducible factor

MAO:

monoamine oxidase

MPT:

mitochondrial permeability transition

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

NF-κB:

nuclear factor κB

NOX:

NADPH oxidase

PCD:

programmed cell death

SOD:

superoxide dismutase

TNF:

tumor necrosis factor

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Acknowledgements

The authors express their gratitude to Prof. B. D. Zhivotovsky for help in working on the manuscript, valuable comments, and suggestions. We apologize to those authors whose publications could not be cited due to the limited size of our review.

Funding

This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 19-14-00122), Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 20-015-00105), Swedish Cancer Foundation (project no. 190345), and Stockholm Cancer Foundation (project no. 181301).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192, Moscow, Russia

    S. M. Vostrikova & V. G. Gogvadze

  2. I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991, Moscow, Russia

    S. M. Vostrikova & A. B. Grinev

  3. Division of Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden

    V. G. Gogvadze

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  1. S. M. Vostrikova
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  2. A. B. Grinev
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  3. V. G. Gogvadze
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Correspondence to V. G. Gogvadze.

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Vostrikova, S.M., Grinev, A.B. & Gogvadze, V.G. Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidants in Carcinogenesis and Tumor Therapy. Biochemistry Moscow 85, 1254–1266 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297920100132

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