Tomoplagia (Diptera: Tephritidae) are endophagous herbivores on flowerheads of Asteraceae, with varying levels of host specialization. We isolated, characterized, and tested the heterologous amplification for sets of microsatellites of three species from this genus associated with native hosts in the Espinhaco mountain range, Brazil. We used two protocols to build microsatellite-enriched libraries and characterized 12 polymorphic loci for each fruit-fly species. The samples of T. grandis, a monophagous species, presented a lower number of alleles than the samples of the oligophagous species T. incompleta and T. bicolor. The average observed heterozygosity did not vary among species and the high values of Polymorphism Information Content suggest that the characterized microsatellite loci are quite informative. The primers developed for each Tomoplagia species failed to amplify the microsatellite loci for the other two species, which indicates a low conservation of the flanking nucleotide sequences in the three evaluated species. The sets of polymorphic microsatellites characterized for these species of Tomoplagia may be used in future ecological and evolutionary studies that aim to detect patterns of diversity on a fine scale.

中文翻译：

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三种 Tomoplagia（双翅目：实蝇科）的微卫星位点的表征和跨物种扩增的缺失

Tomoplagia (Diptera: Tephritidae) 是菊科花头上的内食性食草动物，具有不同程度的宿主专业化。我们分离、表征并测试了与巴西 Espinhaco 山脉原生宿主相关的该属中三个物种的微卫星集的异源扩增。我们使用了两种协议来构建富含微卫星的文库，并对每个果蝇物种的 12 个多态位点进行了表征。与寡食性物种 T. incompleta 和 T. bicolor 相比，T. grandis 是一种单食性物种，其等位基因数量较少。观察到的平均杂合度在物种之间没有变化，多态性信息含量的高值表明特征化的微卫星位点信息量很大。为每个 Tomoplagia 物种开发的引物未能扩增其他两个物种的微卫星位点，这表明三个评估物种中侧翼核苷酸序列的保守性较低。以这些 Tomoplagia 物种为特征的多态微卫星集可用于未来的生态和进化研究，旨在在精细尺度上检测多样性模式。