Abstract
Tomoplagia (Diptera: Tephritidae) are endophagous herbivores on flowerheads of Asteraceae, with varying levels of host specialization. We isolated, characterized, and tested the heterologous amplification for sets of microsatellites of three species from this genus associated with native hosts in the Espinhaço mountain range, Brazil. We used two protocols to build microsatellite-enriched libraries and characterized 12 polymorphic loci for each fruit-fly species. The samples of T. grandis, a monophagous species, presented a lower number of alleles than the samples of the oligophagous species T. incompleta and T. bicolor. The average observed heterozygosity did not vary among species and the high values of Polymorphism Information Content suggest that the characterized microsatellite loci are quite informative. The primers developed for each Tomoplagia species failed to amplify the microsatellite loci for the other two species, which indicates a low conservation of the flanking nucleotide sequences in the three evaluated species. The sets of polymorphic microsatellites characterized for these species of Tomoplagia may be used in future ecological and evolutionary studies that aim to detect patterns of diversity on a fine scale.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank graduate students Danilo Sforza, Fernanda Oliveira, and Thamiris Deo for their help during the construction of the microsatellite libraries at LAGM/UNICAMP. Sampling permits were provided by Instituto Estadual de Florestas (IEF-MG; authorization number 029/2016). We also thank IEF for logistical support during the fieldwork. The present study is registered in the SISGEN (AE426B9).
Funding
The field and laboratory work were financed by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP Grant 2016/24821-1 to TML). This study is part of the PhD thesis of CROL in the Graduate Program in Ecology at UNICAMP, with funding from FAPESP (Doctoral Grant 2015/10236-7) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-Brazil (CAPES)–Finance Code 001. The construction of the microsatellite library of T. incompleta was funded by FAPESP (LRJ, Doctoral Grant 2009/54806-0). KLSB thanks FAPESP (Grant 2012/16266-7). TML received a Productivity Research Grant from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (311800/2015-7).
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All authors have contributed to the study conception and design. Sampling was performed by CROL and TML. Material preparation, data collection, and analyses were performed by CROL and LRJ. The first draft of the manuscript was written by CROL and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Leal, C.R.O., Jorge, L.R., de Souza, A.P. et al. Characterization of microsatellite loci for three species of Tomoplagia (Diptera: Tephritidae) and absence of cross-species amplification. Appl Entomol Zool 56, 125–132 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13355-020-00706-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13355-020-00706-6