A model was developed to estimate the windbreak effects on soil temperature during the early crop growth stage using the windbreak structure and readily available meteorological data at a reference position. In this model, the windbreak effect on wind speed was estimated from the width and total area density of the windbreaks using an equation parameterized by the data at 13 windbreaks. Windbreak effects on solar radiation were estimated on the basis of the Beer–Lambert law, and the effects on soil temperature were estimated on the basis of the heat conduction equation and the extended force-restore model with the boundary condition of heat balance on the ground surface. The model was validated with 3 years of observations in maize fields with windbreaks in Hokkaido, northern Japan. Our model could reproduce the observed spatial distribution of mean soil temperature during the early growth stage of maize with an increase of 0.4–0.8 °C by wind speed reduction at 3–4 H (H = windbreak height) and a decrease of 0.9–1.0 °C by shade from windbreaks at 0.5 H. This simple process-based model provides a framework for the quantification of windbreak effects on soil temperature at fields with various windbreak structure and meteorological conditions.

中文翻译：

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一个简单的基于过程的模型，用于估计作物早期生长阶段防风林对土壤温度的影响

使用防风林结构和参考位置的现成气象数据，开发了一个模型来估计防风林对作物早期生长阶段土壤温度的影响。在该模型中，使用由 13 个防风林的数据参数化的方程，根据防风林的宽度和总面积密度估计防风林对风速的影响。基于Beer-Lambert定律估计防风对太阳辐射的影响，基于热传导方程和具有地面热平衡边界条件的扩展力恢复模型估计对土壤温度的影响表面。该模型在日本北部北海道有防风林的玉米田中进行了 3 年的观察验证。