Thulium fiber laser with a wavelength of 1.94 µm is widely used in urology for lithotripsy. This paper studies the mechanism of lithotripsy and evaluates its clinical efficiency using the superpulse thulium fiber laser with a wavelength of 1.94 µm and a peak power of 500 W. An experimental setup was developed to study the mechanism of lithotripsy. The superpulse thulium fiber laser (TFL) with a wavelength of 1.94 µm with a peak power of 500 W (FiberLase U2 from “IRE-POLUS” Ltd., Fryazino, Moscow Region, Russia) was used for the lithotripsy of stone phantoms (BegoStone). The processes were recorded with a high-speed camera. The acoustic signals registered during lithotripsy were studied with wideband and needle hydrophones. The main mechanism of lithotripsy performed by using superpulse TFL was thermal cavitation in the water-filled pore space and thermal destruction of the phantom. During the clinical application of the superpulse thulium fiber laser, the high efficiency of laser lithotripsy was established. The performed optical and acoustic studies showed that the mechanism of the destruction of stones was based on the synergic effect of the explosive boiling of water in the pore space of the stone, and its thermal destruction is associated with the heating of the stone to several hundred degrees with laser radiation.

中文翻译：

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超脉冲Th光纤激光碎石的机理及其临床疗效

波长为1.94 µm的光纤激光器在泌尿外科中广泛用于碎石术。本文研究了碎石的机理，并使用波长为1.94 µm，峰值功率为500 W的超脉冲th光纤激光器评估其碎石术的临床疗效。建立了实验装置以研究碎石的机理。波长为1.94 µm且峰值功率为500 W的超脉冲th光纤激光器（FiberLase U2，来自“ IRE-POLUS” Ltd.，Fryazino，俄罗斯莫斯科地区）用于碎石幻影术（BegoStone ）。用高速照相机记录该过程。用宽带和针状水听器研究碎石术中记录的声信号。使用超脉冲TFL进行碎石术的主要机理是在充满水的孔隙空间中进行热空化以及对模型进行热破坏。在超脉冲th光纤激光器的临床应用中，确立了激光碎石术的高效率。进行的光学和声学研究表明，石头的破坏机理是基于石头孔隙中水的爆炸沸腾的协同作用，其热破坏与石头加热到数百摄氏度有关。度与激光辐射。