Following periods of haematopoietic cell stress, such as after chemotherapy, radiotherapy, infection and transplantation, patient outcomes are linked to the degree of immune reconstitution, specifically of T cells. Delayed or defective recovery of the T cell pool has significant clinical consequences, including prolonged immunosuppression, poor vaccine responses and increased risks of infections and malignancies. Thus, strategies that restore thymic function and enhance T cell reconstitution can provide considerable benefit to individuals whose immune system has been decimated in various settings. In this Review, we focus on the causes and consequences of impaired adaptive immunity and discuss therapeutic strategies that can recover immune function, with a particular emphasis on approaches that can promote a diverse repertoire of T cells through de novo T cell formation.

在造血细胞应激期后，例如化疗、放疗、感染和移植后，患者的预后与免疫重建的程度有关，特别是 T 细胞。T 细胞库的延迟或有缺陷的恢复具有显着的临床后果，包括免疫抑制时间延长、疫苗反应差以及感染和恶性肿瘤的风险增加。因此，恢复胸腺功能和增强 T 细胞重建的策略可以为免疫系统在各种环境中遭到破坏的个体提供相当大的好处。在这篇综述中，我们关注适应性免疫受损的原因和后果，并讨论可以恢复免疫功能的治疗策略，