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Effect of Macro- and Micro-Plastics in Soil on Quantitative Phytochemicals in Different Part of Juvenile Lime Tree (Citrus aurantium)
International Journal of Environmental Research ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-19 , DOI: 10.1007/s41742-020-00292-z
Christian Ebere Enyoh , Andrew Wirnkor Verla , Evelyn Ngozi Verla , Emmanuel Chinedu Enyoh

This study aimed at profiling the quantitative phytochemicals in different parts of juvenile C. aurantium cultivated on different plastic-treated clayey soils in a pot experiment under ambient field condition. Three plastic types, namely polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS) with seven treatment pattern (single LDPE, PP, PS and mixture: LDPE + PP, LDPE + PS, PP + PS, LDPE + PP + PS) in soil matrix (1% w/w) were experimentally formulated for testing. After harvesting at 2, 4, 6 and 8 months, the tree was separated into three parts [i.e.aboveground (leaves, stem) and belowground (root)] and crude extracts of these parts were obtained with alcohol It was observed that phytochemical contents varied with prolong exposure and in different parts of juvenile C. aurantium. Greater negative effect was observed on the root biomass compared to the aerial biomass except for LDPE + PP (0.32) and LDPE + PS (0.76) in macro-size as revealed by the plastic biomass impact factor. Overall, LDPE showed the most negative effects while the least was shown by the plastic mixture of LDPE, PP and PS. Furthermore, microplastics showed greater negative effects compared to macroplastics. The treatments in some cases showed significant differences (p < 0.05) from the control, especially for microplastics. Overall, the presence of plastics (especially microplastics) in agricultural soils could be undesirable, as most of these phytochemicals have vital roles in developments of drugs for diseases. Low density polyethylene treatment had the highest negative effect on the plant phytochemical. Plastic mixture of low density polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene increased phytochemical concentration in the plant higher than control. Effect of plastic treatment was more to the below ground part than the above ground. The phytochemicals correlated strongly suggesting that the treatment had similar effects of the studied phytochemicals. Low density polyethylene treatment had the highest negative effect on the plant phytochemical. Plastic mixture of low density polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene increased phytochemical concentration in the plant higher than control. Effect of plastic treatment was more to the below ground part than the above ground. The phytochemicals correlated strongly suggesting that the treatment had similar effects of the studied phytochemicals.

中文翻译:

土壤中宏观和微塑料对椴树幼树(枳实)不同部位植物化学物质定量的影响

本研究旨在在环境田间条件下进行盆栽试验,分析在不同塑料处理的粘土上栽培的枳壳幼苗不同部位的定量植物化学物质。三种塑料类型,即聚乙烯(LDPE)、聚丙烯(PP)和聚苯乙烯(PS),具有七种处理模式(单一的 LDPE、PP、PS 和混合物:LDPE + PP、LDPE + PS、PP + PS、LDPE + PP + PS) ) 在土壤基质 (1% w/w) 中通过实验配制用于测试。在第 2、4、6 和 8 个月收获后,将树分成三部分[即地上(叶、茎)和地下(根)],并用酒精获得这些部分的粗提取物。观察到植物化学含量随延长暴露和不同部位的幼体 C. aurantium。与地上生物量相比,除了 LDPE + PP (0.32) 和 LDPE + PS (0.76) 之外,在宏观尺寸上观察到对根生物量的更大负面影响,如塑料生物量影响因子所示。总体而言,LDPE 显示出最大的负面影响,而 LDPE、PP 和 PS 的塑料混合物显示出的负面影响最小。此外,与大塑料相比,微塑料显示出更大的负面影响。在某些情况下,处理与对照显示出显着差异(p < 0.05),尤其是对于微塑料。总体而言,农业土壤中塑料(尤其是微塑料)的存在可能是不可取的,因为这些植物化学物质中的大多数在疾病药物的开发中起着至关重要的作用。低密度聚乙烯处理对植物植物化学物质的负面影响最大。低密度聚乙烯的塑料混合物,聚丙烯和聚苯乙烯增加的植物化学浓度高于对照。塑性处理对地下部分的影响大于对地上部分的影响。植物化学物质强烈相关,表明该处理与所研究的植物化学物质具有相似的效果。低密度聚乙烯处理对植物植物化学物质的负面影响最大。低密度聚乙烯、聚丙烯和聚苯乙烯的塑料混合物在植物中增加的植物化学物质浓度高于对照。塑性处理对地下部分的影响大于对地上部分的影响。植物化学物质强烈相关,表明该处理与所研究的植物化学物质具有相似的效果。塑性处理对地下部分的影响大于对地上部分的影响。植物化学物质强烈相关,表明该处理与所研究的植物化学物质具有相似的效果。低密度聚乙烯处理对植物植物化学物质的负面影响最大。低密度聚乙烯、聚丙烯和聚苯乙烯的塑料混合物在植物中增加的植物化学物质浓度高于对照。塑性处理对地下部分的影响大于对地上部分的影响。植物化学物质强烈相关,表明该处理与所研究的植物化学物质具有相似的效果。塑性处理对地下部分的影响大于对地上部分的影响。植物化学物质强烈相关,表明该处理与所研究的植物化学物质具有相似的效果。低密度聚乙烯处理对植物植物化学物质的负面影响最大。低密度聚乙烯、聚丙烯和聚苯乙烯的塑料混合物在植物中增加的植物化学物质浓度高于对照。塑性处理对地下部分的影响大于对地上部分的影响。植物化学物质强烈相关,表明该处理与所研究的植物化学物质具有相似的效果。低密度聚乙烯处理对植物植物化学物质的负面影响最大。低密度聚乙烯、聚丙烯和聚苯乙烯的塑料混合物在植物中增加的植物化学物质浓度高于对照。塑性处理对地下部分的影响大于对地上部分的影响。植物化学物质强烈相关,表明该处理与所研究的植物化学物质具有相似的效果。低密度聚乙烯处理对植物植物化学物质的负面影响最大。低密度聚乙烯、聚丙烯和聚苯乙烯的塑料混合物在植物中增加的植物化学物质浓度高于对照。塑性处理对地下部分的影响大于对地上部分的影响。植物化学物质强烈相关,表明该处理与所研究的植物化学物质具有相似的效果。
更新日期:2020-10-19
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