Abstract

Studies of communities of ground beetles (Carabidae) and black beetles (Tenebrionidae) were conducted in central Kazakhstan along 70° E in typical, dry, and desert steppe subzones in 1976–1978 and 2018. Parallel to that, soil-cover studies were conducted and the climate indicators of the studied areas were compared. Despite a considerable change in climate over 50 years, which has been expressed in a rise in temperatures with a simultaneous increase in precipitation, the basic features of soils have not undergone essential changes, but they keep or get strong potentials for solonetz and solonchak elementary soil processes, which are capable of drastically changing the structure of the soil cover. The generality of local fauna of carabids in 1976–1978 was 48–62% and, at the beginning of 21st century, it decreased to 16% in dry steppe and to 7% in desert steppe. In tenebrionids, which are more adapted to aridity, the faunal similarity decreased from 70–75 to 37% in the typical steppe and increased to 87% in the dry steppe. There are more “southern” subarid species in the communities and fewer relatively “northern” boreal and polyzonal species, which disappear completely in dry and desert steppes. The Tencar index that expresses the ratio of the number of individuals and species of arid tenebrionids and more humic carabids is used as an integral zoo indicator of changes in aridity of the environment. In the typical steppe, the index values are low and change little in the long-term dynamics and along the catena. However, in the dry steppe, Tencar index values increased 5 times in 2018 when compared to the middle of the 20th century and in desert steppe they grew by two orders of magnitude. The trigger for changes in the composition and structure of local communities of carabids and tenebrionids is not a change in atmospheric humidity, but a rise in average annual temperatures, which exceeded the global trend values and activated the salinization of soils, creating the conditions for the desertification of the territory and biota.

中文翻译：

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与20世纪中叶相比，哈萨克斯坦中部草原气候变化的动物学指示（以甲壳虫和特耐贝虫为例）

摘要

1976年至1978年和2018年，在哈萨克斯坦中部70°E的典型，干燥和沙漠草原分区对地下甲虫（Carabidae）和黑甲虫（Tenebrionidae）群落进行了研究。与此同时，进行了土壤覆盖研究。并比较了研究区域的气候指标。尽管在过去的50年中气候发生了显着变化，这表现为温度升高且降水量同时增加，但土壤的基本特征并未发生本质变化，但它们保持或获得了solonetz和solonchak基本土壤的强大潜力能够彻底改变土壤覆盖结构的过程。1976年至1978年，当地甲壳类动物的普遍性为48％至62％，而在21世纪初，在干草原上下降到16％，在沙漠草原上下降到7％。在更容易适应干旱的种纲动物中，典型草原的动物群相似度从70-75％降低到37％，而干燥草原的动物群相似度则提高到87％。群落中有更多的“南部”亚干旱物种，而相对较少的“北方”北方和多带物种则完全消失在干旱和沙漠草原中。Tencar指数用来表达干旱的纤毛虫和更多腐殖甲的个体和物种的数量之比，被用作反映环境干旱变化的整体动物园指标。在典型的草原中，指标值很低，并且在长期动态和沿连系的方向上几乎不变。但是在干草原上 与20世纪中叶相比，Tencar指数值在2018年增长了5倍，在沙漠草原中它们增长了两个数量级。甲壳类和类螨的当地群落组成和结构发生变化的触发因素不是大气湿度的变化，而是年平均温度的上升，超过了全球趋势值并激活了土壤的盐碱化，从而为土壤的盐碱化创造了条件。领土和生物区的荒漠化。