Due to the harmful effects to environment and public health, lead has to be removed from wastewater. The novelty of this study is the investigation of the adsorption of lead by a cross-linked polycarboxylate-based adsorbent synthesized, the characterization of adsorbent with FTIR, SEM–EDS, XRD and the optimization of the effective parameters such as initial lead concentration, pH and temperature by response surface methodology. In here, Box–Behnken experimental design was applied by using ANOVA-supported Design Expert software. It was statistically confirmed that the surface representing the adsorption process conforms to the reduced cubic model. The common effects of the parameters were determined, and the equation was obtained to predict lead removal under the desired conditions. It was understood that both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms can be used to describe the adsorption data. The negative free energy of adsorption process indicated the spontaneous reaction. The values of enthalpy and entropy were determined as − 12.57 kJ mol⁻¹ and − 0.036 kJ mol⁻¹ K⁻¹, respectively. Maximum lead removal reached to 79.7% at the initial concentration of 480.7 ppm, pH 8 and 25 °C. The selectivity of adsorbent in both lead- and cadmium-containing aqueous solution was also studied. Adsorption was found to be in favor of metal ions with higher initial concentration, and lead was adsorbed more by the effect of electronegativity when the concentration of two ions was equal. Desorption experiments of lead showed that the adsorption process was highly chemical and less physical, and only the physical part of it was desorbed.

由于对环境和公共健康的有害影响，必须从废水中去除铅。这项研究的新颖性是研究合成的交联的多羧酸基吸附剂对铅的吸附，FTIR，SEM-EDS，XRD表征吸附剂以及优化有效参数（例如初始铅浓度，pH）的方法。和温度的响应面方法。在这里，通过使用ANOVA支持的Design Expert软件来应用Box–Behnken实验设计。统计上证实代表吸附过程的表面符合还原立方模型。确定了参数的共同作用，并获得了方程式，以预测所需条件下的铅去除量。可以理解，Langmuir和Freundlich等温线都可以用来描述吸附数据。吸附过程的负自由能表明反应是自发的。焓和熵的值确定为− 12.57 kJ mol^-1和-0.036 kJ mol ^-1 K ^-1。在初始浓度为480.7 ppm，pH 8和25°C的条件下，最大去除率达到79.7％。还研究了在含铅和含镉水溶液中吸附剂的选择性。发现吸附有利于具有较高初始浓度的金属离子，并且当两个离子的浓度相等时，铅通过电负性的作用吸附更多。铅的解吸实验表明，吸附过程化学性质高，物理性差，仅物理部分被解吸。