Abstract

Industrial wastewater is highly toxic and needs to be treated before being let into large water bodies. They have been treated using various biological and chemical processes. In this study, integrated magnetic nanoparticles (cobalt, ferrous and manganese) are fabricated with the specific amino group on the silica-coated surface layer with the size of 50 nm. The integrated magnetic nanocomposites are combined with the biochar obtained from groundnut shell are used to eradicate copper and lead pollutants in wastewater. Analytical techniques like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy provides specific entities alike amino, hydroxyl and silica vibrational stretches; scanning electron microscopy gives over nanoadsorbent size around 30–50 nm and the presence of elemental constituents such as cobalt, manganese, ferrous, nitro, and silica was examined by energy dispersive X-ray analysis. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy figures nanoparticle size around 50 nm. Vibrating sample magnetometer determines the superparamagnetic nature of the particle to be around (magnetic saturation)—50 emu/g. Above nanoadsorbent evaluates an enhanced adsorption capacity pursued upon 436.8 mg/g for copper and 318.9 mg/g—lead ions in an optimal conditions (pH 5, temperature 30 °C, associated contact—1 h). Further exploration of zeta potential, kinetics model, two-parameter and three-parameter isotherm pattern evaluates a reaction pattern on nanoadsorbent with metallic interactions. The metal interactive study showed an excellent fit for pseudo-second order, double exponential kinetics and Langmuir–Freundlich isothermal pattern. The thermodynamic system exhibits a spontaneous and exothermic reaction process. Adsorbent possesses an excellent reusable capacity, where it could be reused for 10 continuous cycles upon the consecutive acid washes.

Graphic abstract

中文翻译：

---

用花生渣中的生物炭制备表面工程超顺磁性纳米复合材料（Co / Fe / Mn），以消除铜和铅金属离子

摘要

工业废水具有剧毒，需要处理后才能放入大型水体。他们已经使用各种生物和化学过程进行了处理。在这项研究中，集成的磁性纳米粒子（钴，铁和锰）是在二氧化硅涂层的表面层上具有特定氨基的，尺寸为50 nm。集成的磁性纳米复合材料与从花生壳中获得的生物炭结合在一起，用于清除废水中的铜和铅污染物。诸如傅立叶变换红外光谱之类的分析技术可提供特定的实体，例如氨基，羟基和二氧化硅的振动拉伸。扫描电子显微镜可得出纳米吸附剂的尺寸约为30–50 nm，并且存在诸如钴，锰，亚铁，硝基，通过能量色散X射线分析检查了二氧化硅。高分辨率透射电子显微镜显示的纳米颗粒大小约为50 nm。振动样品磁力计确定颗粒的超顺磁特性约为（磁饱和）-50 emu / g。以上纳米吸附剂评估了在最佳条件下（pH 5，温度30°C，相关接触-1 h）对铜的吸附能力为436.8 mg / g，对铅离子的吸附能力为318.9 mg / g。进一步研究Zeta电位，动力学模型，两参数和三参数等温线模式，评估了具有金属相互作用的纳米吸附剂的反应模式。金属相互作用的研究表明非常适合拟二阶，双指数动力学和Langmuir–Freundlich等温模式。热力学系统表现出自发的和放热的反应过程。吸附剂具有出色的可重复使用能力，在连续的酸洗后可重复使用10个连续循环。

图形摘要