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Fabrication of surface-engineered superparamagnetic nanocomposites (Co/Fe/Mn) with biochar from groundnut waste residues for the elimination of copper and lead metal ions

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Abstract

Industrial wastewater is highly toxic and needs to be treated before being let into large water bodies. They have been treated using various biological and chemical processes. In this study, integrated magnetic nanoparticles (cobalt, ferrous and manganese) are fabricated with the specific amino group on the silica-coated surface layer with the size of 50 nm. The integrated magnetic nanocomposites are combined with the biochar obtained from groundnut shell are used to eradicate copper and lead pollutants in wastewater. Analytical techniques like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy provides specific entities alike amino, hydroxyl and silica vibrational stretches; scanning electron microscopy gives over nanoadsorbent size around 30–50 nm and the presence of elemental constituents such as cobalt, manganese, ferrous, nitro, and silica was examined by energy dispersive X-ray analysis. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy figures nanoparticle size around 50 nm. Vibrating sample magnetometer determines the superparamagnetic nature of the particle to be around (magnetic saturation)—50 emu/g. Above nanoadsorbent evaluates an enhanced adsorption capacity pursued upon 436.8 mg/g for copper and 318.9 mg/g—lead ions in an optimal conditions (pH 5, temperature 30 °C, associated contact—1 h). Further exploration of zeta potential, kinetics model, two-parameter and three-parameter isotherm pattern evaluates a reaction pattern on nanoadsorbent with metallic interactions. The metal interactive study showed an excellent fit for pseudo-second order, double exponential kinetics and Langmuir–Freundlich isothermal pattern. The thermodynamic system exhibits a spontaneous and exothermic reaction process. Adsorbent possesses an excellent reusable capacity, where it could be reused for 10 continuous cycles upon the consecutive acid washes.

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Acknowledgements

Authors are grateful to SSN Trust, India for financial support.

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  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India

    Dhanya Vishnu, Balaji Dhandapani, Shankar Ram Ramakrishnan, Prasanna Kumar Pandian & Thiruvikraman Raguraman

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  1. Dhanya Vishnu
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  2. Balaji Dhandapani
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  3. Shankar Ram Ramakrishnan
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  4. Prasanna Kumar Pandian
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  5. Thiruvikraman Raguraman
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DV contributions were detailed literature survey, data collection and assisting in drafting the manuscript.BD is the author designed the research work, interpret the data and help in manuscript preparation. SR assisting in literature survey, data collection and drafting the manuscript. PKP assisting in the experimental investigation and drafting the manuscript. TR assisting in data collection and drafting the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Balaji Dhandapani.

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Vishnu, D., Dhandapani, B., Ramakrishnan, S.R. et al. Fabrication of surface-engineered superparamagnetic nanocomposites (Co/Fe/Mn) with biochar from groundnut waste residues for the elimination of copper and lead metal ions. J Nanostruct Chem 11, 215–228 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40097-020-00360-y

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