We have studied the contrast sensitivity of the visual system in various ranges of the spatial frequencies in “dry” immersion conditions that simulate the physiological effects of microgravity. The contrast sensitivity in the range of low and high spatial frequencies is indicative of the functional state of the magnocellular and parvocellular neuronal pathways that form the dorsal and ventral information flows from the occipital to the frontal lobes. The study involved ten volunteers who were exposed to “dry” immersion for 21 days. The contrast sensitivity of the visual system was recorded with a method of visocontrastometry. The Gabor elements were used as stimuli. An increase in contrast sensitivity was registered in the low spatial frequency range with specific sensitivity of the magnocellular pathway to these frequencies on the third day of immersion and 1 day after the end of the experiment, compared to the background values. The contrast sensitivity in the high spatial frequency range with specific sensitivity of the parvocellular pathway to these frequencies in the experiment remained unchanged. Thus, our findings have shown that the magnocellular neuronal pathway is involved in the processes of adaptation to extreme ambient conditions.

中文翻译：

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“干燥”浸入条件下视觉系统的对比敏感度

我们研究了在模拟微重力生理效应的“干燥”浸入条件下，视觉系统在各种空间频率范围内的对比敏感度。低和高空间频率范围内的对比敏感度表示形成从枕叶到额叶的背侧和腹侧信息流的大细胞和小细胞神经元通路的功能状态。该研究涉及 10 名志愿者，他们被“干”浸了 21 天。视觉系统的对比敏感度用视觉对比法记录。Gabor 元素被用作刺激。与背景值相比，在浸入的第三天和实验结束后的 1 天，在低空间频率范围内记录了对比敏感度的增加，其中大细胞通路对这些频率的特定敏感性。实验中高空间频率范围内的对比敏感度与细小细胞通路对这些频率的特异性敏感度保持不变。因此，我们的研究结果表明，大细胞神经元通路参与了对极端环境条件的适应过程。