Phenolic compounds inhibit phytopathogenic fungal infections effectively. In this study, the antifungal effects of rice straw-derived phenolic acids (PAs) against Fusarium oxysporum were investigated. PAs can inhibit hyphal growth and spore germination, and p-coumaric acid (CA) is the main antifungal substance in PAs. PAs could induce the formation of hydrogen peroxide and increase the relative conductivity and extracellular K⁺ concentration. Observations using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy revealed that PAs could damage membrane permeability, which caused cytoplasm leakage. This phenomenon was verified by conductivity and the release of extracellular K⁺. The chlorophyll fluorescence maps of tomato leaves suggested that F. oxysporum damaged the tomato’ photosynthetic system and that PAs reduced the area infected, thereby alleviating the damage. Moreover, PAs could decrease the disease incidence of tomato fruit. The results confirmed the feasibility of using PAs as a biofungicide and provide a way to increase the value of rice straw.

酚类化合物可有效抑制植物致病性真菌感染。在这项研究中，研究了稻草衍生的酚酸（PAs）对尖孢镰刀菌的抗真菌作用。PA可以抑制菌丝生长和孢子萌发，而对香豆酸（CA）是PA中的主要抗真菌物质。PAs可以诱导过氧化氢的形成并增加相对电导率和细胞外K ⁺浓度。使用扫描电子显微镜，激光扫描共聚焦显微镜和透射电子显微镜的观察表明，PA可能会破坏膜的通透性，从而导致细胞质泄漏。电导率和细胞外K ⁺的释放证实了这一现象。。番茄叶片的叶绿素荧光图表明，F。oxysporum破坏了番茄的光合系统，PAs减少了感染面积，从而减轻了损害。此外，PAs可以降低番茄果实的发病率。结果证实了将PA用作生物杀真菌剂的可行性，并为提高稻草的价值提供了一种途径。