Moisture absorption, thermal and biodegradation properties of nanocellulose (NC) reinforced bionanocomposite tapioca starch (TS) films crosslinked with Citrus aurantifolia or lime juice (LJ) were investigated for food packaging applications. The films were synthesized by solvent casting using different amounts of nanocellulose and crosslinkers: lime juice and a commercial citric acid (CA). Nanocellulose as reinforcing filler was obtained from oil palm empty fruit bunches through acid hydrolysis. Crystallinity of all TS bionanocomposites was determined using X-ray diffractometry. TS bionanocomposites interaction with water was studied by means of moisture absorption, moisture content and swelling. Flory-Huggin model was used to measure the crosslinked density of crosslinked TS bionanocomposites which indicated successful crosslinking using LJ and CA for TS. The crystallinity of TS film increased from 43.5% for neat TS to 51.6% for TS film with inclusion of NC. LJ-crosslinked TS film with 1 wt% of NC (based on starch content) had the lowest moisture absorption and swelling ratio. TS bionanocomposites with LJ had better thermal and biodegradation properties compared to commercial CA-crosslinked TS biocomposites, which can be a potential food packaging material among the tested bionanocomposites.

柑桔交联的纳米纤维素（NC）增强的纳米复合木薯淀粉（TS）薄膜的吸湿，热降解特性或柠檬汁（LJ）被研究用于食品包装应用。通过使用不同量的纳米纤维素和交联剂（石灰汁和商业柠檬酸（CA））进行溶剂浇铸来合成薄膜。通过酸水解从油棕空果串中获得纳米纤维素作为增强填料。使用X射线衍射法测定所有TSbionanocomposites的结晶度。通过吸水率，水分含量和溶胀研究了TSbionanocomposites与水的相互作用。使用Flory-Huggin模型来测量交联的TSbionanocomposites的交联密度，这表明使用LJ和CA成功地交联了TS。TS膜的结晶度从纯净TS的43.5％提高到含NC的TS膜的51.6％。具有1wt％的NC（基于淀粉含量）的LJ交联的TS膜具有最低的吸湿率和溶胀率。与商业化的CA交联TS生物复合材料相比，含LJ的TS生物纳米复合材料具有更好的热降解和生物降解特性，在被测试的生物纳米复合材料中可能是潜在的食品包装材料。