Abstract—Camelina or false flax (Camelina sativa) is one of the most promising oilseed crops as a feedstock for biofuel production. It is thought that this species originated in the Eastern European region, where this species emerged due to polyploidization or crossing between wild representatives of the Camelina genus. As a result, camelina is characterized by a low level of genetic diversity, which imposes limitations on breeding and improvement of this crop. Although there are some studies discussing genetic polymorphism among the existing camelina cultivars, the assessments of Ukrainian genotypes are scarce, although this region belongs to the center of C. sativa’s origin. For the first time, an integrated assessment of genetic diversity among Ukrainian camelina breeding lines and cultivars, as well as analyzed the morphometric and yield parameters of their seed oil and its fatty acid composition, has been performed. Based on the results of chromatographic analysis, two camelina genotypes (FEORZhYaF-2 and FEORZhYaFD) with seed lipids to a greater extent composed of fatty acids with a short carbon chain (below C18) have been distinguished. Genetic distances between the studied genotypes have also been identified using ISSR, SSR, and ILP (actin and β-tubulin) markers. The obtained data were compared with the crop productivity and morphometric parameters, which allowed for differentiating the most promising pairs of phenotypes for further cross breeding. For example, crossing the FEORZhYaF-2 and FEORZhYaFD breeding lines with the cultivars Mirazh and Peremoha in different combinations may hypothetically provide the trait of heterosis in the first generation. This approach to the analysis of camelina breeding samples and genetic resources may become a powerful instrument for improving the given oil-bearing crop.

摘要—山茶或假亚麻（Camelina sativa）是最有前途的油料作物之一，可作为生产生物燃料的原料。认为该物种起源于东欧地区，该物种由于多倍体化或骆驼属的野生代表之间的杂交而出现。结果，茶花的特征是遗传多样性水平低，这限制了该作物的育种和改良。尽管有一些研究讨论了现有山茶花品种之间的遗传多态性，但对乌克兰基因型的评估却很少，尽管该地区属于苜蓿中华稻的中心。的起源。首次对乌克兰山茶花育种品系和品种之间的遗传多样性进行了综合评估，并分析了其种子油的形态测定和产量参数及其脂肪酸组成。基于色谱分析的结果，已区分出两种带有较大种子脂质的山茶花基因型（FEORZhYaF-2和FEORZhYaFD），其种子脂质由碳链短的脂肪酸组成（C18以下）。还使用ISSR，SSR和ILP（肌动蛋白和β-微管蛋白）标记物鉴定了所研究基因型之间的遗传距离。将获得的数据与作物生产力和形态参数进行比较，从而可以区分出最有希望的表型对，以进行进一步的杂交育种。例如，假设将FEORZhYaF-2和FEORZhYaFD育种系与Mirazh和Peremoha品种以不同的组合杂交，可能会在第一代提供杂种优势。这种对山茶花繁殖样品和遗传资源进行分析的方法可能成为改善给定含油作物的有力工具。