Abstract

The active use of transition metal phosphides in catalysis commenced at the beginning of the 2000s primarily in hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation reactions. Owing to an increased interest in biomass-based feedstocks the intensive use of phosphides in hydrodeoxygenation reactions started in the first part of the 2010s. In earlier reviews devoted to phosphides, which were published before the 2010s, no information pertaining to hydrodeoxygenation is available. This review addresses monometallic phosphides of such transition metals as nickel, cobalt, molybdenum, and tungsten and covers their structure, synthesis, and properties. Transition metal phosphides are promising catalysts for hydroprocesses. They possess both metal active sites and acid sites, and, therefore, demonstrate activity not only in hydrogenation but in a number of acid-catalyzed processes. The review concerns the hydrodeoxygenation reactions of higher fatty acids and their esters; vegetable oils; and bio-oil and its model compounds. The hydrotreatment of vegetable oils and their derivatives over phosphides makes it possible to obtain hydrocarbons, which can be used as diesel fuel components or as a pure fuel. Using the hydrodeoxygenation of bio-oil model compounds catalyzed by phosphides partially or fully deoxygenated products may be obtained; however, the hydrotreatment of bio-oil itself did not provided positive results so far and calls for further research.

中文翻译：

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用于生物精炼产品加氢脱氧的过渡金属磷酸盐（Ni，Co，Mo，W）（综述）

摘要

过渡金属磷化物在催化中的积极应用始于2000年代初，主要用于加氢脱硫和加氢脱氮反应。由于对基于生物质的原料的兴趣增加，在加氢脱氧反应中磷化物的大量使用始于2010年代初期。在2010年前发表的有关磷化物的较早评论中，没有有关加氢脱氧的信息。这篇综述涉及诸如镍，钴，钼和钨之类的过渡金属的单金属磷化物，并涵盖了它们的结构，合成和性能。过渡金属磷化物是有前途的加氢催化剂。它们同时具有金属活性位点和酸性位点，因此，不仅在氢化反应中表现出活性，而且在许多酸催化过程中也表现出活性。综述涉及高级脂肪酸及其酯的加氢脱氧反应。植物油；生物油及其模型化合物。植物油及其衍生物在磷化物上的加氢处理使得有可能获得烃，其可用作柴油燃料组分或用作纯燃料。使用由磷化物催化的生物油模型化合物的加氢脱氧，可以得到部分或完全脱氧的产物。然而，迄今为止，生物油本身的加氢处理并未获得积极的结果，需要进一步研究。植物油及其衍生物在磷化物上的加氢处理使得有可能获得烃，其可用作柴油燃料组分或用作纯燃料。使用由磷化物催化的生物油模型化合物的加氢脱氧，可以得到部分或完全脱氧的产物。然而，迄今为止，生物油本身的加氢处理并未获得积极的结果，需要进一步研究。植物油及其衍生物在磷化物上的加氢处理使得有可能获得烃，其可用作柴油燃料组分或用作纯燃料。使用由磷化物催化的生物油模型化合物的加氢脱氧，可以得到部分或完全脱氧的产物。然而，迄今为止，生物油本身的加氢处理并未提供积极的结果，需要进一步研究。