A novel hybrid with three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical CuS@Pd core-shell cauliflowers decorated on nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (CuS@Pd/N–RGO) has been prepared by a facile wet-chemical route without utilizing any template molecules and surfactants. The characterization results reveal that the 3D flower-like structure of CuS “core” is composed of interconnecting nanoplates, which is conductive to the loading of Pd nanoparticles’ “shell” and results in the robust interaction between the core and shell for the formation of CuS@Pd cauliflowers. Anchoring such appealing CuS@Pd cauliflowers on the two-dimensional N–RGO can efficaciously inhibit the aggregation of CuS@Pd cauliflowers and accelerate the kinetics of xanthine oxidation. Benefiting from the multi-functional properties and unique morphology, the sensor constructed by CuS@Pd/N–RGO exhibits excellent performance for non-enzymatic detection of xanthine including a wide detection range of 0.7–200.0 μM (0.94 V vs. SCE), a low detection limit of 28 nM (S/N = 3), high reproducibility (relative standard deviation (RSD) = 4.1%), and commendable stability (retained 90% of the initial electrochemical responses after storage for 30 days), which is amongst the best of various electrochemical sensors reported for xanthine assays till date. Reliable and satisfying recoveries (95–105%, RSD ≤ 4.1%) are achieved for xanthine detection in real samples. The inspiring results make the uniquely structural CuS@Pd/N–RGO greatly promising in non-enzymatic electrochemical sensing applications. Graphical abstract A high-performance non-enzymatic xanthine sensor has been constructed by the three-dimensional hierarchical CuS@Pd core-shell cauliflowers decorated on nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide. A high-performance non-enzymatic xanthine sensor has been constructed by the three-dimensional hierarchical CuS@Pd core-shell cauliflowers decorated on nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide.

中文翻译：

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方便合成在氮掺杂还原氧化石墨烯上装饰的三维分层 CuS@Pd 核壳花椰菜，用于黄嘌呤的非酶电化学传感

通过简便的湿化学途径制备了一种新型杂化物，其具有装饰在氮掺杂还原氧化石墨烯（CuS@Pd/N-RGO）上的三维（3D）分层 CuS@Pd 核壳花椰菜，无需使用任何模板分子和表面活性剂。表征结果表明，CuS“核”的 3D 花状结构由相互连接的纳米片组成，这有助于 Pd 纳米粒子“壳”的负载，并导致核与壳之间的强相互作用形成CuS@Pd 花椰菜。将这种吸引人的 CuS@Pd 花椰菜固定在二维 N-RGO 上可以有效抑制 CuS@Pd 花椰菜的聚集并加速黄嘌呤氧化的动力学。受益于多功能特性和独特的形态，由 CuS@Pd/N-RGO 构建的传感器表现出优异的黄嘌呤非酶检测性能，包括 0.7-200.0 μM（0.94 V vs. SCE）的宽检测范围，28 nM（S/N）的低检测限= 3)、高重现性（相对标准偏差 (RSD) = 4.1%）和值得称道的稳定性（在储存 30 天后保留了 90% 的初始电化学响应），这是报告用于黄嘌呤测定的各种电化学传感器中最好的迄今为止。实际样品中的黄嘌呤检测获得了可靠且令人满意的回收率（95–105%，RSD ≤ 4.1%）。鼓舞人心的结果使独特结构的 CuS@Pd/N-RGO 在非酶电化学传感应用中大有前途。图形摘要 一种高性能的非酶促黄嘌呤传感器已由装饰在氮掺杂还原氧化石墨烯上的三维分层 CuS@Pd 核壳花椰菜构建而成。由装饰在氮掺杂还原氧化石墨烯上的三维分层 CuS@Pd 核壳花椰菜构建了一种高性能的非酶促黄嘌呤传感器。