Introduced species face numerous biological barriers before they can establish in a new environment. Understanding how they overcome these obstacles is crucial for the development of effective risk assessment and regulation. Reproductive biology is known to influence establishment capacity in plants and is widely used for risk assessment. This biological field should receive more attention, and particularly in the case of insects, as they display a wide range of reproductive traits and have a great impact on the economy and environment. Among insects, the order Hymenoptera is of interest for its diversity, both in terms of reproductive traits and introduction history, as invasive species and biological control agents. We review the main reproductive strategies of Hymenoptera, spanning parthenogenesis, sex determination, reproductive parasites and mating strategies, and evaluate their effect on invasive potential. For instance, thelytoky could decrease the strength of Allee effects while Arrhenotoky could increase adaptive potential. A species with complementary sex determination could be more affected by inbreeding than other species, while paternal genome elimination could lead to high levels of homozygosity. Finally, some reproductive behaviours could decrease inbreeding, facilitate mate location or adaptation by encouraging admixture. The two invasive species Apis mellifera scutellata and Leptocybe invasa and the biocontrol agent Aphidius ervi serve as case studies to illustrate the effect of reproductive traits on species capacities to become established in a new area.

引进物种在建立新环境之前就面临着许多生物障碍。了解他们如何克服这些障碍对于开发有效的风险评估和法规至关重要。众所周知，生殖生物学会影响植物的定殖能力，并广泛用于风险评估。该生物领域应引起更多关注，特别是在昆虫方面，因为它们表现出广泛的生殖特性并对经济和环境产生巨大影响。在昆虫中，膜翅目（Hymenoptera）作为繁殖种和生物防治剂，在繁殖性状和引种历史方面均因其多样性而受到关注。我们回顾了膜翅目的主要繁殖策略，涵盖单性生殖，性别决定，繁殖寄生虫和交配策略，并评估其对入侵潜能的影响。例如，lytoky可能会降低Allee效应的强度，而Arrhenotoky可能会增加适应潜力。具有互补性别决定力的物种比其他物种受近亲繁殖的影响更大，而父系基因组消除可能导致高水平的纯合性。最后，一些生殖行为可能会减少近交繁殖，通过促进混合来促进交配或适应。两种入侵物种 而消除父系基因组可能会导致高水平的纯合性。最后，一些生殖行为可能会减少近交繁殖，通过促进混合来促进交配或适应。两种入侵物种 而消除父系基因组可能会导致高水平的纯合性。最后，一些生殖行为可能会减少近交繁殖，通过促进混合来促进交配或适应。两种入侵物种蜜蜂蜜蜂和黄单胞菌入侵者以及生物防治剂蚜虫作为案例研究来说明生殖特性对物种在新地区建立的能力的影响。