Due to their enormous surface area compared to other cell types, neurons face unique challenges in properly handling supply and retrieval of the plasma membrane (PM)—a process termed PM turnover—in their distal areas. Because of the length and extensiveness of dendritic branches in neurons, the transport of materials needed for PM turnover from soma to distal dendrites will be inefficient and quite burdensome for somatic organelles. To meet local demands, PM turnover in dendrites most likely requires local cellular machinery, such as dendritic endocytic and secretory systems, dysregulation of which may result in dendritic pathology observed in various neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Supporting this notion, a growing body of literature provides evidence to suggest the pathogenic contribution of dysregulated PM turnover to dendritic pathology in certain NDs. In this article, we present our perspective view that impaired dendritic endocytic and secretory systems may contribute to dendritic pathology by encumbering PM turnover in NDs.

由于与其他细胞类型相比，它们的表面积很大，因此神经元在其远端区域正确处理质膜（PM）的供应和检索（称为PM转换的过程）时面临着独特的挑战。由于神经元中树突状分支的长度和广泛性，PM转换所需的物质从躯体到远端树突的运输效率低下，并且对于体细胞器而言是非常繁重的。为了满足局部需求，树突中的PM转换最可能需要局部细胞机器，例如树突状内吞和分泌系统，其失调可能导致在各种神经退行性疾病（NDs）中观察到的树突状病理。支持这个概念，越来越多的文献提供了证据，表明在某些ND中PM失调调节对树突状病理的致病作用。在本文中，我们提出了一种观点观点，即树突状细胞内吞和分泌系统受损可能通过阻碍NDs中的PM转换而有助于树突状病理。