Metal oxide (i.e., Fe2O3, ZnO and TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) have been prepared and investigated by various techniques with the objective of synthesis of nanocomposites thin films based on poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) as a matrix. Different loadings of metal oxide NPs (i.e., 2.0, 5.0, 10.0 and 15.0 wt%) were incorporated in PVC followed by solution casting. The prepared film samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermal and electrical measurements. Also, the antibacterial activity was tested against Gram-positive (i.e., Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (i.e., Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The results were discussed in relation to metal oxide NPs content and type. XRD of the prepared nanocomposite films was almost the same as that of mixed ZnO metal oxide NPs with an amorphous region of PVC. Raman spectra suggested that ZnO NPs were just physically inserted into PVC matrix. SEM revealed a homogeneous distribution of the NPs on using 10 wt% in PVC matrix, while the NPs agglomerations at higher content (i.e., 15 wt%) were formed. The dynamic mechanical results, as a function in temperature, indicated an increase in the storage and loss moduli and a decrease in loss factor tan δ with shifting to higher glass transition temperature, with increasing metal oxide NPs content up to 10 wt%. Thermal gravimetric analysis revealed that utilizing Fe2O3 and TiO2NPs in PVC matrix improved thermal stability of PVC in comparison with ZnO NPs with catalytic behavior and polymer decomposition acceleration. Metal oxide Nps increased the electrical conductivity of PVC, the electrical conductivity values were found to be in the order of 10−13 for ZnO, while it is in the order of 10−11 for Fe2O3 and TiO2. This finding is highly recommended such composites to be used in antistatic applications as the needed range for such application is 10−9–10−14Ω−1 cm−1. Metal oxide nanocomposites improved the antibacterial activity of PVC toward both types of bacteria and can be used as an effective antibacterial agent in biomedical healthy applications.

中文翻译：

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负载金属氧化物纳米粒子的聚氯乙烯纳米复合材料的合成、表征及应用

金属氧化物（即，Fe2O3、ZnO 和 TiO2）纳米粒子 (NPs) 已通过各种技术制备和研究，目的是合成基于聚（氯乙烯）（PVC）作为基质的纳米复合薄膜。将不同负载量的金属氧化物 NP（即 2.0、5.0、10.0 和 15.0 wt%）加入 PVC，然后进行溶液浇铸。制备的薄膜样品通过 X 射线衍射 (XRD)、拉曼光谱、扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、动态力学分析 (DMA)、热和电测量进行表征。此外，还针对革兰氏阳性菌（即枯草芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌）和革兰氏阴性菌（即大肠杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌）测试了抗菌活性。讨论了与金属氧化物 NPs 含量和类型相关的结果。制备的纳米复合薄膜的 XRD 几乎与混合 ZnO 金属氧化物 NPs 与 PVC 的非晶区的 XRD 相同。拉曼光谱表明 ZnO NPs 只是物理插入到 PVC 基质中。SEM 显示在 PVC 基质中使用 10 wt% 的 NPs 分布均匀，而形成更高含量（即 15 wt%）的 NPs 团聚体。作为温度函数的动态力学结果表明，随着金属氧化物 NPs 含量增加至 10 wt%，随着向更高的玻璃化转变温度转变，储能和损耗模量增加，损耗因子 tan δ 降低。热重分析表明，与具有催化行为和聚合物分解加速的 ZnO NPs 相比，在 PVC 基体中使用 Fe2O3 和 TiO2NPs 提高了 PVC 的热稳定性。金属氧化物 Nps 增加了 PVC 的电导率，发现 ZnO 的电导率值约为 10-13，而 Fe2O3 和 TiO2 的电导率值约为 10-11。这一发现强烈推荐此类复合材料用于抗静电应用，因为此类应用所需的范围为 10-9–10-14Ω-1 cm-1。金属氧化物纳米复合材料提高了 PVC 对两种细菌的​​抗菌活性，可在生物医学健康应用中用作有效的抗菌剂。这一发现强烈推荐此类复合材料用于抗静电应用，因为此类应用所需的范围为 10-9–10-14Ω-1 cm-1。金属氧化物纳米复合材料提高了 PVC 对两种细菌的​​抗菌活性，可在生物医学健康应用中用作有效的抗菌剂。这一发现强烈推荐此类复合材料用于抗静电应用，因为此类应用所需的范围为 10-9–10-14Ω-1 cm-1。金属氧化物纳米复合材料提高了 PVC 对两种细菌的​​抗菌活性，可在生物医学健康应用中用作有效的抗菌剂。