Nonpathogenic Neisseria transfer mutations encoding antibiotic resistance to their pathogenic relative Neisseria gonorrhoeae. However, the resistance genotypes and subsequent phenotypes of nonpathogens within the genus have been described infrequently. Here, we characterize the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of a panel of Neisseria (n = 26)—including several commensal species—to a suite of diverse antibiotics. We furthermore use whole genome sequencing and the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database Resistance Gene Identifier (RGI) platform to predict putative resistance-encoding mutations. Resistant isolates to all tested antimicrobials including penicillin (n = 5/26), ceftriaxone (n = 2/26), cefixime (n = 3/26), tetracycline (n = 10/26), azithromycin (n = 11/26), and ciprofloxacin (n = 4/26) were found. In total, 63 distinct mutations were predicted by RGI to be involved in resistance. The presence of several mutations had clear associations with increased MIC such as DNA gyrase subunit A (gyrA) (S91F) and ciprofloxacin, tetracycline resistance protein (tetM) and 30S ribosomal protein S10 (rpsJ) (V57M) and tetracycline, and TEM-type β-lactamases and penicillin. However, mutations with strong associations to macrolide and cephalosporin resistance were not conclusive. This work serves as an initial exploration into the resistance-encoding mutations harbored by nonpathogenic Neisseria, which will ultimately aid in prospective surveillance for novel resistance mechanisms that may be rapidly acquired by N. gonorrhoeae.

中文翻译：

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淋病奈瑟菌耐药性探索揭示了淋病奈瑟菌通过水平基因转移可能获得的共生机制

非致病性奈瑟菌转移突变编码对其病原相对淋病奈瑟菌的抗生素抗性。但是，很少描述属内非病原体的抗性基因型和随后的表型。在这里，我们描述了一组奈瑟氏球菌（n = 26）对多种抗生素的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）。我们还使用全基因组测序和综合抗生素抗性数据库抗药性基因标识符（RGI）平台来预测推定的抗药性编码突变。对包括青霉素（n = 5/26），头孢曲松（n = 2/26），头孢克肟（n = 3/26），四环素（n = 10/26），阿奇霉素（n = 11/26）和环丙沙星（n = 4/26）。RGI预测总共有63个不同的突变与抗性有关。几个突变的存在与MIC的增加有明确的关联，例如DNA促旋酶亚基A（gyrA）（S91F）和环丙沙星，四环素抗性蛋白（tetM）和30S核糖体蛋白S10（rpsJ）（V57M）和四环素，以及TEM型β-内酰胺酶和青霉素。但是，与大环内酯类和头孢菌素抗性密切相关的突变尚无定论。这项工作作为一个初始探入由非致病性窝藏电阻编码突变奈瑟氏球菌，这将在前瞻性监测最终帮助对可能由被快速获取新颖抗性机制淋病奈瑟氏球菌。