Nascent polyploids, or neopolyploids, frequently arise within diploid plant lineages and are expected to experience increased requirements for growth-limiting nutrients because of building a larger genome. Because this may have important consequences for the ecology of neopolyploids, we need studies that track the lifetime fitness effects of whole genome duplication. Here we investigated how multiple origins of neopolyploidy and nutrient supply rate affected fitness-related traits of Arabidopsis thaliana. We investigated the interaction between cytotype, independent neopolyploid origins, and soil fertility by conducting a greenhouse experiment with five nutrient treatments that varied nitrogen and phosphorus supply. We compared biomass, flowering phenology, fecundity, average mass per seed, and offspring germination rates of diploids and their descendent neotetraploids from four independent origins. The results supported the hypothesis that neopolyploidy increases nutrient limitation. Diploids outpaced their neotetraploid descendants in growth and composite fitness in all nutrient treatments except with high supply of nitrogen and phosphorus, where neotetraploid growth and composite fitness exceeded diploids. In contrast, we did not detect an interaction between cytotype and nutrient treatment for flowering phenology, but neotetraploids flowered later, and low nutrient supply caused earlier flowering. We additionally found that the trait responses of neotetraploids were strongly contingent on their independent, maternal origin. Polyploidy has myriad effects on plant physiology, but few studies have tested how neopolyploid-induced physiological changes can affect plant environmental interactions. By showing that neopolyploid fitness is more constrained by nutrient supply, we conclude that neotetraploidy increases nutrient limitation in A. thaliana.

中文翻译：

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营养丰富和新多倍体相互作用以增加拟南芥的终生适应性

新生的多倍体或新多倍体经常出现在二倍体植物谱系中，并且由于构建了更大的基因组，预计它们对限制生长的营养物质的需求会增加。因为这可能对新多倍体的生态学产生重要影响，我们需要研究来跟踪全基因组复制的终生适应性效应。在这里，我们研究了新多倍体和养分供应率的多重起源如何影响拟南芥的适应性相关性状。我们通过使用五种不同氮和磷供应的养分处理进行温室实验，研究了细胞类型、独立的新多倍体起源和土壤肥力之间的相互作用。我们比较了生物量、开花物候、繁殖力、每粒种子的平均质量、以及来自四个独立来源的二倍体及其后代新四倍体的后代萌发率。结果支持新多倍体增加营养限制的假设。在所有营养处理中，二倍体在生长和复合适合度方面均超过其新四倍体后代，但在高氮和磷供应的情况下，新四倍体的生长和复合适合度超过了二倍体。相比之下，我们没有检测到细胞型和营养处理之间的相互作用对开花物候的影响，但新四倍体开花较晚，营养供应不足导致开花较早。我们还发现新四倍体的性状反应强烈取决于它们独立的母系起源。多倍体对植物生理有无数的影响，但很少有研究测试新多倍体诱导的生理变化如何影响植物环境相互作用。通过表明新多倍体适应性更受营养供应的限制，我们得出结论，新四倍体增加了拟南芥的营养限制。