Abstract
Aims
Nascent polyploids, or neopolyploids, frequently arise within diploid plant lineages and are expected to experience increased requirements for growth-limiting nutrients because of building a larger genome. Because this may have important consequences for the ecology of neopolyploids, we need studies that track the lifetime fitness effects of whole genome duplication. Here we investigated how multiple origins of neopolyploidy and nutrient supply rate affected fitness-related traits of Arabidopsis thaliana.
Methods
We investigated the interaction between cytotype, independent neopolyploid origins, and soil fertility by conducting a greenhouse experiment with five nutrient treatments that varied nitrogen and phosphorus supply. We compared biomass, flowering phenology, fecundity, average mass per seed, and offspring germination rates of diploids and their descendent neotetraploids from four independent origins.
Results
The results supported the hypothesis that neopolyploidy increases nutrient limitation. Diploids outpaced their neotetraploid descendants in growth and composite fitness in all nutrient treatments except with high supply of nitrogen and phosphorus, where neotetraploid growth and composite fitness exceeded diploids. In contrast, we did not detect an interaction between cytotype and nutrient treatment for flowering phenology, but neotetraploids flowered later, and low nutrient supply caused earlier flowering. We additionally found that the trait responses of neotetraploids were strongly contingent on their independent, maternal origin.
Conclusions
Polyploidy has myriad effects on plant physiology, but few studies have tested how neopolyploid-induced physiological changes can affect plant environmental interactions. By showing that neopolyploid fitness is more constrained by nutrient supply, we conclude that neotetraploidy increases nutrient limitation in A. thaliana.
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Acknowledgements
We thank D. Althoff and S. Wang for assisting in the experimental design, and D. Althoff and A. Curé for help harvesting the plants. The authors thank D. Althoff, D. Frank, M. Ritchie, and M. Vidal for providing technical advice, and D. Althoff, S. Wang, A. Curé, P. Šmarda, M. Vidal, and an anonymous reviewer provided comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. This research was supported by a Sigma Xi Grants-In-Aid of Research to TJA, and NSF DEB 1556568 and 1655544 to KAS.
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Anneberg, T.J., Segraves, K.A. Nutrient enrichment and neopolyploidy interact to increase lifetime fitness of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Soil 456, 439–453 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-020-04727-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-020-04727-6