Plant genetic resources are a link between agriculture, environment and trade, so their conservation requires cooperation from different sectors. The existing diversity in genetic resources is the foundation in breeding for new challenges or new markets in the future. The number of crop genetic resources in Serbia is obscure because there is no national inventory. It is thought that there are about 15,000 seed accessions and 3500 accessions of fruit trees and grape in collections of different national institutes and stakeholders. In the National Plant Gene Bank, there are more than 4000 accessions of nearly 250 plant species. Crops kept in ex situ collections are used in breeding programs and interspecific crosses, for selection and introduction of desired traits through pre-breeding programs. Serbia as a state participates in all national and international efforts for preservation, management and use of plant genetic resources. Additionally, Serbia has also established a set of national regulations related to plant genetic resources and their use in breeding. Since Serbia is one of Europe’s most important crop producers, especially in maize (11% of EU-27 production), soya (35%), sunflowers (6%) and sugar beet (2.5%), this paper discusses certain issues and achievements in the use of plant genetic resources in cereal and oil crops improvement in Serbia, as well as national and international regulations affecting their exploitation.

植物遗传资源是农业，环境与贸易之间的纽带，因此其保存需要来自不同部门的合作。遗传资源的现有多样性是将来为新挑战或新市场进行育种的基础。塞尔维亚的农作物遗传资源数量不多，因为没有国家清单。据认为，在不同的国家机构和利益相关者的收藏中，大约有15,000种种子，3500种果树和葡萄。在国家植物基因库中，有近250种植物的4000多个种质。异地收集的农作物被用于育种计划和种间杂交，以通过预育计划选择和引入所需性状。塞尔维亚作为一个国家参加了植物遗传资源保存，管理和利用的所有国家和国际努力。此外，塞尔维亚还制定了一套有关植物遗传资源及其在育种中的用途的国家法规。由于塞尔维亚是欧洲最重要的农作物生产国之一，尤其是玉米（占欧盟27国产量的11％），大豆（35％），向日葵（6％）和甜菜（2.5％），因此本文讨论了某些问题和成就改善谷物和油料作物中植物遗传资源的利用以及影响其开发的国家和国际法规。塞尔维亚还建立了一套与植物遗传资源及其在育种中的使用有关的国家法规。由于塞尔维亚是欧洲最重要的农作物生产国之一，尤其是玉米（占欧盟27国产量的11％），大豆（35％），向日葵（6％）和甜菜（2.5％），因此本文讨论了某些问题和成就改善谷物和油料作物中植物遗传资源的利用以及影响其开发的国家和国际法规。塞尔维亚还建立了一套与植物遗传资源及其在育种中的使用有关的国家法规。由于塞尔维亚是欧洲最重要的农作物生产国之一，尤其是玉米（占欧盟27国产量的11％），大豆（35％），向日葵（6％）和甜菜（2.5％），因此本文讨论了某些问题和成就改善谷物和油料作物中植物遗传资源的利用以及影响其开发的国家和国际法规。