Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones with critical roles in the maintenance of cellular proteostasis. HSPs, which regulate protein folding and refolding, assembly, translocation, and degradation, are induced in response to physiological and environmental stressors. In recent years, HSPs have been recognized for their potential role in immunity; in particular, these proteins elicit a variety of immune responses to infection and modulate inflammation. This review focuses on delineating the structural and functional roles of crustacean HSPs in the innate immune response. Members of crustacean HSPs include high molecular weight HSPs (HSP90, HSP70, and HSP60) and small molecular weight HSPs (HSP21 and HSP10). The sequences and structures of these HSPs are highly conserved across various crustacean species, indicating strong evolutionary links among this group of organisms. The expression of HSP-encoding genes across different crustacean species is significantly upregulated upon exposure to a wide range of pathogens, emphasizing the important role of HSPs in the immune response. Functional studies of crustacean HSPs, particularly HSP70s, have demonstrated their involvement in the activation of several immune pathways, including those mediating anti-bacterial resistance and combating viral infections, upon heat exposure. The immunomodulatory role of HSPs indicates their potential use as an immunostimulant to enhance shrimp health for control of disease in aquaculture.

热休克蛋白 (HSP) 是分子伴侣，在维持细胞蛋白质稳态中起关键作用。调节蛋白质折叠和重折叠、组装、易位和降解的 HSP 是响应生理和环境压力源而诱导的。近年来，热休克蛋白因其在免疫中的潜在作用而得到认可。特别是，这些蛋白质会引发多种对感染的免疫反应并调节炎症。这篇综述的重点是描述甲壳动物 HSP 在先天免疫反应中的结构和功能作用。甲壳动物 HSP 的成员包括高分子量 HSP（HSP90、HSP70 和 HSP60）和小分子量 HSP（HSP21 和 HSP10）。这些 HSP 的序列和结构在各种甲壳类动物中高度保守，表明这组生物之间存在很强的进化联系。不同甲壳类动物中 HSP 编码基因的表达在暴露于多种病原体后显着上调，强调了 HSP 在免疫反应中的重要作用。甲壳类动物 HSP，尤其是 HSP70 的功能研究表明，它们在热暴露时参与了几种免疫途径的激活，包括介导抗菌抗性和对抗病毒感染的途径。HSP 的免疫调节作用表明它们可用作免疫刺激剂以增强虾的健康，从而控制水产养殖中的疾病。强调 HSP 在免疫反应中的重要作用。甲壳类动物 HSP，尤其是 HSP70 的功能研究表明，它们在热暴露时参与了几种免疫途径的激活，包括介导抗菌抗性和对抗病毒感染的途径。HSP 的免疫调节作用表明它们可用作免疫刺激剂以增强虾的健康，从而控制水产养殖中的疾病。强调 HSP 在免疫反应中的重要作用。甲壳类动物 HSP，尤其是 HSP70 的功能研究表明，它们在热暴露时参与了几种免疫途径的激活，包括介导抗菌抗性和对抗病毒感染的途径。HSP 的免疫调节作用表明它们可用作免疫刺激剂以增强虾的健康，从而控制水产养殖中的疾病。