Background: Recently, superparamagnetic and electromagnetic nano-materials have been extensively studied and their potential applications have also been investigated in various fields. In this regard, currently, Fe3O4 NPs are valuable candidates as diagnostic agents such as magnetic resonance imaging, enzyme immobilization, biosensing and cell labeling, and therapeutic probes, including drug delivery, bacteria detection, magnetic separation, and hyperthermia agents.

Objective: In this study, electrochemical synthesis of Cu2+ cations-doped superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles (Cu-SMNPs) and their in situ surface coating with saccharides (i.e., glucose, sucrose and starch) are reported. The prepared glucose/Cu-SMNPs, sucrose/Cu-SMNPs and starch/Cu-SMNPs samples are characterized by structural, magnetic and morphological analyses by XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM, EDAX and VSM. The suitability of the prepared samples for biomedical use is also proved.

Methods: A simple cathodic electrochemical set-up was used to fabricate the iron oxide samples. The bath electrolyte was one litre deionized water containing 1.5g iron chloride, 3g iron nitrate, 0.5g copper chloride and 0.5g saccharide (i.e., glucose or sucrose or starch). The cathode and anode electrodes were connected to a DC power supply (PROVA 8000) as the power source. The deposition experiments were conducted at 10 mA cm-2 for 30 min. For the preparation of glucose/Cu-SMNPs, sucrose/Cu-SMNPs and starch/Cu-SMNPs samples, three electrodeposition experiments were carried out in three similar baths with only a change in the dissolved saccharide type. The prepared SMNPs samples were characterized by structural, morphological and magnetic analyses including X-ray powder diffraction (XRD, a Phillips PW-1800 diffractometer Smart Lab), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM, Mira 3-XMU with accelerating voltage of 100 kV), transmission electron microscopy (TEM, model Zeiss EM900 with an accelerating voltage of 80 kV), fourier transform infrared (FT-IR, a Bruker Vector 22 Fourier transformed infrared spectrometer) and vibrating sample magnetometers (VSM, model Lakeshore 7410).

Results: Three types of metal-cations doped superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles (SMNPs), glucosegrafted Cu2+-doped MNPs (glucose/Cu-SMNPs), sucrose-grafted Cu2+-doped SMNPs (sucrose/Cu-SMNPs) and starch-grafted Cu2+-doped SMNPs (starch/Cu-SMNPs), were prepared for the first time. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray techniques proved the presence of saccharide capped layer on the surface of deposited SMNPs and also copper cations doping on their crystal structures. Superparamagnetic behaviors, including low coercivity and remanence values, were observed for all the prepared samples.

Conclusion: SMNPs capped with saccharides (i.e., glucose, sucrose and starch) were successfully synthesized via one-pot simple deposition procedures. These particles showed suitable superparamagnetic properties with negligible remanence values and proper saturation magnetization, thus proving that they all have required physicochemical and magnetic characteristics for biomedical purposes.

背景：近年来，超顺磁性和电磁纳米材料已得到广泛研究，其潜在应用也已在各个领域得到研究。就此而言，目前，Fe3O4 NPs是诊断试剂的有价值的候选物，例如磁共振成像，酶固定化，生物传感和细胞标记以及治疗探针，包括药物输送，细菌检测，磁分离和热疗剂。

目的：在这项研究中，报道了Cu2 +阳离子掺杂的超顺磁性磁铁矿纳米粒子（Cu-SMNPs）的电化学合成及其糖类（即葡萄糖，蔗糖和淀粉）的原位表面涂层。制备的葡萄糖/ Cu-SMNPs，蔗糖/ Cu-SMNPs和淀粉/ Cu-SMNPs样品通过XRD，FT-IR，FE-SEM，EDAX和VSM的结构，磁性和形态分析进行表征。还证明了所制备的样品适用于生物医学用途。

方法：采用简单的阴极电化学装置制备氧化铁样品。浴电解质是一升去离子水，其包含1.5g氯化铁，3g硝酸铁，0.5g氯化铜和0.5g糖（即葡萄糖或蔗糖或淀粉）。阴极和阳极连接到直流电源（PROVA 8000）作为电源。沉积实验在10 mA cm-2下进行30分钟。为了制备葡萄糖/ Cu-SMNPs，蔗糖/ Cu-SMNPs和淀粉/ Cu-SMNPs样品，在三个类似的浴液中进行了三个电沉积实验，只是溶解的糖类型有所变化。制备的SMNP样品通过结构，形态和磁性分析进行了表征，包括X射线粉末衍射（XRD，Phillips PW-1800衍射仪Smart Lab），

结果：三种类型的金属阳离子掺杂的超顺磁性磁铁矿纳米粒子（SMNP），葡萄糖嫁接的Cu2 +掺杂的MNP（葡萄糖/ Cu-SMNPs），蔗糖嫁接的Cu2 +掺杂的SMNP（蔗糖/ Cu-SMNPs）和淀粉嫁接的Cu2 +掺杂。首次制备了SMNP（淀粉/ Cu-SMNP）。傅里叶变换红外光谱，场发射扫描电子显微镜和能量色散X射线技术证明，沉积的SMNP表面存在糖类覆盖层，并且铜阳离子也掺杂在其晶体结构上。对于所有制备的样品，均观察到超顺磁行为，包括低矫顽力和剩磁值。

结论：通过一锅简单沉积程序成功地合成了以糖（即葡萄糖，蔗糖和淀粉）为帽的SMNP。这些粒子表现出合适的超顺磁性能，剩磁值可忽略不计，并且具有适当的饱和磁化强度，因此证明它们都具有生物医学目的所需的物理化学和磁性特征。