Identifying high-grade valuable wood resources by the visible individual traits of trees is a challenge for foresters and a requirement for sustainable resource management. The aim of this study was to identify the most relevant phenotypic descriptors of the acoustic quality of Norway spruce standing timber. Two highly valuable Norway spruce (Picea abies) stands located in the Romanian Carpathians were selected for this purpose. A total of 27 tree, bole, bark, and crown variables and nine variables related to wood structure were statistically checked against the velocities of stress waves measured on standing trees at breast height, and the derived parameters: the radiation, the impedance, and the moduli of elasticity in L and R directions. Principal component analysis was used for exploratory data analysis as well as mixed linear models were involved in explaining these acoustics. There were consistent variations in the measured acoustics from tree to tree, according to the age and social class. Wood acoustical parameters measured in the R direction are better predicted by tree phenotype than the acoustical parameters measured in the L direction. Bark thickness and branch width were the best predictors, while tree ring features were less predictive. At a given age, trees with high velocity had thinner and reddisher bark, thinner branches, and a narrower crown. Trees with high velocity anisotropy had narrower branches and wider sapwood. Furthermore, the phenotypic traits used had a poor explanatory power of the radiation ratio. In conclusion, spruce standing trees from the studied area bring forward certain outside features that enable us the multitrait identification of highly valuable wood for string instruments.

中文翻译：

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共振挪威云杉立树的相关表型描述符用于乐器木材的声学质量

通过树木可见的个体特征来识别高品位有价值的木材资源是林务人员面临的挑战，也是可持续资源管理的要求。本研究的目的是确定与挪威云杉立木声学质量最相关的表型描述符。为此，我们选择了位于罗马尼亚喀尔巴阡山脉的两棵非常有价值的挪威云杉 (Picea abies) 林分。对总共 27 个树木、树干、树皮和树冠变量以及与木材结构相关的 9 个变量进行了统计检查，对照在胸高处的立树上测量的应力波速度，以及导出的参数：辐射、阻抗和L 和 R 方向的弹性模量。主成分分析用于探索性数据分析，混合线性模型用于解释这些声学。根据年龄和社会阶层，从一棵树到另一棵树，所测量的声学变化是一致的。在 R 方向测量的木材声学参数比在 L 方向测量的声学参数更能被树木表型预测。树皮厚度和树枝宽度是最好的预测指标，而年轮特征的预测性较差。在给定的年龄，速度快的树木的树皮更薄更红，树枝更细，树冠更窄。具有高速各向异性的树木具有更窄的树枝和更宽的边材。此外，所使用的表型性状对辐射率的解释力很差。综上所述，