Abstract Although the grain refinement by severe plastic deformation can obtain outstanding mechanical strength, this usually involves sacrificing the plasticity of the materials. This work therefore provided a simple processing route to achieve strength and plasticity by twice cold rolling and reversed transformation annealing for the 316L stainless steel to optimize the recrystallized microstructures. Our study revealed that applied approach of twice cold rolling and reversed transformation annealing dramatically improved strength and retained better ductility in nano/ultrafine grained 316L stainless steel. The results obtained by the transmission electron microscopy indicated that the grain refinement facilitated the forming of deformed nanotwins in austenitic stainless steels. The high strength was attributed to grain refinement, α′-martensite transformation and nanotwin, while excellent ductility resulted from α′-martensite transformation and grain boundary slip or rotation.

中文翻译：

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奥氏体不锈钢晶粒细化促进变形纳米孪晶及其特性

摘要 剧烈塑性变形细化晶粒虽然可以获得优异的机械强度，但这通常会牺牲材料的塑性。因此，这项工作为316L不锈钢提供了一种通过两次冷轧和逆相变退火来优化再结晶组织来获得强度和塑性的简单加工路线。我们的研究表明，应用两次冷轧和逆相变退火的方法显着提高了纳米/超细晶粒 316L 不锈钢的强度并保持了更好的延展性。通过透射电子显微镜获得的结果表明，晶粒细化促进了奥氏体不锈钢中变形纳米孪晶的形成。高强度归因于晶粒细化，