Erythromelalgia is a rare disease that is associated with hemato-oncological diseases or after taking certain drugs and toxins, but it can also occur as an independent clinical picture, for example, due to mutations in the sodium channel NaV1.7. Clinically, there is a characteristic triad of attack-like burning pain and skin redness in the area of the distal extremities, which can be alleviated by excessive cooling. The attacks are triggered by heat, exertion, and stress. The diagnosis is primarily made clinically and can be confirmed by genetic testing if a sodium channel NaV1.7 mutation is present. Important differential diagnoses are complex regional pain syndrome, the non-freezing cold injury, and small fiber neuropathies. Therapy is multidisciplinary and has to be planned individually and include physical therapy and psychotherapy as well as drug therapy as integral components.

中文翻译：

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红斑性肢痛症：皮肤发红和疼痛

红斑性肢痛症是一种罕见的疾病，与血液肿瘤疾病或服用某些药物和毒素后有关，但它也可以作为独立的临床表现发生，例如，由于钠通道 NaV1.7 的突变。临床上四肢远端有发作样烧灼痛和皮肤发红三联征，过冷可缓解。这些攻击是由热量、劳累和压力引发的。诊断主要在临床上做出，如果存在钠通道 NaV1.7 突变，则可以通过基因检测来确认。重要的鉴别诊断是复杂的局部疼痛综合征、非冻伤和小纤维神经病。