The Trithorax group (TrxG) of proteins is a large family of epigenetic regulators that form multiprotein complexes to counteract repressive developmental gene expression programmes established by the Polycomb group of proteins and to promote and maintain an active state of gene expression. Recent studies are providing new insights into how two crucial families of the TrxG — the COMPASS family of histone H3 lysine 4 methyltransferases and the SWI/SNF family of chromatin remodelling complexes — regulate gene expression and developmental programmes, and how misregulation of their activities through genetic abnormalities leads to pathologies such as developmental disorders and malignancies.

Trithorax 蛋白组 (TrxG) 是一大类表观遗传调节因子，它们形成多蛋白复合物，以抵消 Polycomb 蛋白组建立的抑制性发育基因表达程序，并促进和维持基因表达的活跃状态。最近的研究为 TrxG 的两个关键家族——组蛋白 H3 赖氨酸 4 甲基转移酶的 COMPASS 家族和染色质重塑复合物的 SWI/SNF 家族——如何调节基因表达和发育程序，以及它们的活动如何通过遗传进行错误调节提供了新的见解。异常会导致发育障碍和恶性肿瘤等病理。