This article presents and tests a new method for the retrospective assessment of ecological status assessment of the lakes in accordance with the Ecological State Macophyte Index (ESMI), which is formally used in biological monitoring in Poland. The proposed method is based on three metrics, the Z colonization index, the average maximum depth of lake vegetation Cmax, and the Secchi disk depth. Mathematical functions of ecological class were developed on the basis of the mean values of these three indicators in summer for different ecological status classes in 88 stratified lakes in northern Poland and the Łeczynsko-Wlodawskie Lake District and five lakes in the catchment area of the Wel River (published data). The new metrics were validated on the basis of literature data—ESMI, Cmax, Z and SD values from 11 lakes near Olsztyn (Poland). The obtained results are similar to those calculated based on macrophyte field surveys and can be an alternative of the Ecological State Macophyte Index (ESMI), which is formally used in biological monitoring in Poland. The proposed method makes it possible to compare long-term changes in the ecological state of lakes, because it enables an analogous assessment on the basis of data calculated from historical bathymetric maps showing the distribution of hydro macrophytes (parameters Z and Cmax) as well as contemporary data, collected, among others, during hydroacoustic research.

中文翻译：

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基于历史和当前淹没植被图的湖泊生态状况回顾性评估——以波兰五个分层湖泊为例

本文根据波兰正式用于生物监测的生态状态植物指数（ESMI），提出并测试了一种新的湖泊生态状况回顾性评估方法。所提出的方法基于三个指标，Z 殖民指数、湖泊植被的平均最大深度 Cmax 和 Secchi 圆盘深度。以波兰北部88个分层湖泊和Łeczynsko-Wlodawskie湖区以及韦尔河集水区的5个湖泊不同生态状况等级的夏季这三个指标的平均值为基础，建立了生态等级的数学函数（公布的数据）。新指标根据文献数据进行了验证 - ESMI、Cmax、Z 和 SD 值来自 Olsztyn（波兰）附近的 11 个湖泊。获得的结果与基于大型植物实地调查计算得出的结果相似，可以替代波兰正式用于生物监测的生态状态植物指数（ESMI）。所提出的方法可以比较湖泊生态状态的长期变化，因为它可以根据显示水生植物分布（参数 Z 和 Cmax）的历史测深图计算的数据进行类似的评估，以及在水声研究期间收集的当代数据。