The urgency of the problem of shrinkage phenomena during hearth firing, contributing to joint opening and crack formation, is demonstrated. Contemporary methods and means of studying expansion/shrinkage of hearth mixes during firing are analyzed. Expansion/shrinkage of hearth mixes, differing in the ratio of the carbon component (anthracite) and artificial graphite within their composition, is investigated. It is established that shrinkage phenomena decrease in a series from anthracite to graphite-anthracite. Studies show that the difference in the scale of linear changes during structural shrinkage is quite significant, i.e., about 20%. It is noted that minimization of shrinkage phenomena contributing to opening of joints and crack formation is one of the factors for reducing the risk of leakage at the bottom of a cell. In this connection it is advisable to optimize the shrinkage rate of hearth mixes during firing in the stage of structural adjustment taking account of operating conditions.

证明了在炉膛烧制过程中出现收缩现象问题的紧迫性，这有助于接头的打开和裂纹的形成。分析了研究烧制过程中炉膛混合物膨胀/收缩的现代方法和手段。研究了炉膛混合物的膨胀/收缩，其组成中碳组分（无烟煤）和人造石墨的比例不同。已经确定，从无烟煤到石墨-无烟煤，收缩现象按系列减少。研究表明，结构收缩过程中线性变化的规模差异非常显着，即约20％。应当指出的是，使导致接缝张开和裂纹形成的收缩现象的最小化是降低电池底部泄漏风险的因素之一。