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Expansion/Shrinkage of Hearth Mixes During Firing

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Refractories and Industrial Ceramics Aims and scope

The urgency of the problem of shrinkage phenomena during hearth firing, contributing to joint opening and crack formation, is demonstrated. Contemporary methods and means of studying expansion/shrinkage of hearth mixes during firing are analyzed. Expansion/shrinkage of hearth mixes, differing in the ratio of the carbon component (anthracite) and artificial graphite within their composition, is investigated. It is established that shrinkage phenomena decrease in a series from anthracite to graphite-anthracite. Studies show that the difference in the scale of linear changes during structural shrinkage is quite significant, i.e., about 20%. It is noted that minimization of shrinkage phenomena contributing to opening of joints and crack formation is one of the factors for reducing the risk of leakage at the bottom of a cell. In this connection it is advisable to optimize the shrinkage rate of hearth mixes during firing in the stage of structural adjustment taking account of operating conditions.

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Notes

  1. TU 48-12-25–90. Anthracite hearth mix; intro. 01.01.1991. — MTK 109 “Electrode production” AO Ural Electrode Institute, OKP 19 1441, Group I 39; TU 48-12-57–89. Cold ramming mix for aluminum electrolyzers; intro. 09.01.1989. MTK109 “Electrode production” AO Ural Electrode Institute, OKP 19 1441, Group I 33; TU 1914-109-075–2001. Hearth mixes for aluminum electrolyzers; intro. 01.01.2002. — MTK 109 “Electrode production” AO Ural Electrode Institute, OKP 19 1440, Group I 39; TU 1914-027-136-84336–2013. Low-shrinkage cold-ramming mix. — ZAO ÉNERGOPROM — Novosibirsk electrode plant; TU 1914-071-05785218–99. Carbon hearth mix (cold-rammed); intro. 11.19.1999. OAO KrAZ.

  2. TU 1913-109-021–2003. Hearth blocks for aluminum electrolyzers. Intro. 07.01.2003. MTK 109 “Electrode production”, OAO Ural Electrode Institute, Group I 31. URL: http://docs.cntd.ru/document/415950625 (access date 05.14.2019).

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Article produced with support of the RF Government (Resolution 211 of 03.16.2013), agreement No. 02.A03.21.0011.

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  1. FGAOU VO South-Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia

    G. D. Apal’kova

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  1. G. D. Apal’kova
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Correspondence to G. D. Apal’kova.

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Translated from Novye Ogneupory, No. 3, pp. 61 – 64, March, 2020.

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Apal’kova, G.D. Expansion/Shrinkage of Hearth Mixes During Firing. Refract Ind Ceram 61, 188–191 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11148-020-00453-9

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