Anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere is inducing global warming, ocean acidification, polar ice melting, rise in sea level, droughts and hurricanes, thus threatening human health and the global economy. Therefore, there is a need to develop cost-effective technologies for CO₂ capture. For instance, solution absorption is promising due to a large processing capacity, high flexibility and reliability, and rich experience in engineering applications. Nonetheless, actual commercial solutions, solvents and processes for CO₂ capture suffer from slow reaction kinetics, low absorption capacity, high-energy consumption, susceptibility to corrosion, toxicity, low stability and high costs. Therefore, current research focuses on developing more economical, effective, green and sustainable technologies. Here we review 2015–2020 findings on CO₂ capture using liquid absorption methods. Methods are based on various solutions, solvents and processes such as carbonate solution, ammonia solution, amine-based solution, ionic liquid, amino acid salt, phase changing absorbent, microcapsulated and membrane absorption, nanofluids and phenoxide salt solution. We discuss absorption performance, absorption mechanism, enhancement pathways and challenges. Amine- and NH₃-based absorbents are widely used, yet they are limited by high regeneration energy, corrosiveness and degradation, reagent loss and secondary pollution caused by NH₃ escape. Phase changing absorbents are getting more attention due to their lower cost and lower energy penalty. The incorporation of membrane and microencapsulation technologies to absorbing solvents could enhance CO₂ absorption performance by reducing corrosion and increasing selectivity. Adding nanoparticles to solvents could improve CO₂ absorption performance and reduce energy requirement. Besides, solvent blends and promoter-improved solvents performed better than single and non-promoted solvents because they combine the benefits of individual solvents and promoters.

人为排放到大气中的温室气体正在引起全球变暖，海洋酸化，极地冰融化，海平面上升，干旱和飓风，从而威胁到人类健康和全球经济。因此，需要开发用于CO ₂捕集的具有成本效益的技术。例如，由于其强大的处理能力，高灵活性和可靠性以及丰富的工程应用经验，溶液吸收前景广阔。但是，实际的商业解决方案，CO _2的溶剂和工艺捕集具有反应动力学慢，吸收能力低，能耗高，易受腐蚀，毒性，稳定性低和成本高的缺点。因此，当前的研究重点在于开发更经济，有效，绿色和可持续的技术。在这里，我们回顾了2015–2020年使用液体吸收方法捕获CO _2的发现。方法基于各种溶液，溶剂和工艺，例如碳酸盐溶液，氨溶液，胺基溶液，离子液体，氨基酸盐，相变吸收剂，微囊和膜吸收，纳米流体和酚盐溶液。我们讨论吸收性能，吸收机理，增强途径和挑战。胺和NH ₃基吸收剂被广泛使用，但由于再生能量高，腐蚀性和降解性，试剂损失以及由NH ₃逸出引起的二次污染而受到限制。相变吸收剂由于其较低的成本和较低的能量损失而受到越来越多的关注。将膜和微囊技术结合用于吸收溶剂可以通过减少腐蚀和增加选择性来提高CO ₂吸收性能。将纳米颗粒添加到溶剂中可以改善CO ₂吸收性能并降低能量需求。此外，溶剂混合物和促进剂改进的溶剂比单一和非促进剂的性能更好，因为它们结合了单独溶剂和促进剂的优点。