Glyphosate is one of the most widely used non-selective systemic herbicides, but nowadays its application is controversially discussed. Optical remote sensing techniques might provide a sufficient tool for monitoring glyphosate use. In order to investigate the potential of this technology, a laboratory experiment was set-up using pots with rolled grass sods. Glyphosate-treated plants were compared to drought-stressed and control plants. All pots were frequently measured using a field spectrometer and a hyperspectral-imaging camera. Plant samples were analysed for photosynthetic pigments, polyphenols and dry matter content. Eight selected vegetation indices were calculated from the spectral measurements. The results show that photosynthetic pigments were sensitive to differentiate between control and glyphosate treated plants already 2 days after application. From the vegetation indices, the normalized difference lignin index (NDLI) responded most sensitively followed by indices referring to photosynthetic pigments, namely, the carotenoid reflectance index (CRI-1) and the photochemical reflectance index (PRI). It can be concluded that spectral vegetation indices are, in principal, a suitable proxy to non-destructively monitor glyphosate application on agricultural fields. Further research is needed to verify its applicability under field conditions. An operational monitoring is, however, currently limited by the requirements for temporal and spectral resolution of the satellite sensors.

中文翻译：

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光谱测量识别草甘膦应用于农业领域的潜力

草甘膦是使用最广泛的非选择性内吸性除草剂之一，但如今它的应用受到争议。光学遥感技术可能会提供足够的工具来监测草甘膦的使用。为了研究该技术的潜力，使用滚草草皮盆进行了实验室实验。将草甘膦处理过的植物与干旱胁迫和对照植物进行了比较。经常使用现场光谱仪和高光谱成像相机测量所有锅。分析植物样品的光合色素，多酚和干物质含量。从光谱测量中计算出八个选定的植被指数。结果表明，光合色素在施用后两天对区分对照和草甘膦处理的植物很敏感。从植被指数来看，归一化差异木质素指数（NDLI）响应最灵敏，其次是指光合色素的指数，即类胡萝卜素反射指数（CRI-1）和光化学反射指数（PRI）。可以得出结论，光谱植被指数原则上是非破坏性监测草甘膦在农业领域应用的合适替代。需要进一步研究以验证其在现场条件下的适用性。但是，目前操作监视受到卫星传感器的时间和频谱分辨率的要求的限制。标准化差异木质素指数（NDLI）响应最灵敏，其次是指光合色素的指数，即类胡萝卜素反射指数（CRI-1）和光化学反射指数（PRI）。可以得出结论，光谱植被指数原则上是非破坏性监测草甘膦在农业上应用的合适替代。需要进一步研究以验证其在现场条件下的适用性。但是，目前操作监视受到卫星传感器的时间和频谱分辨率的要求的限制。标准化差异木质素指数（NDLI）响应最灵敏，其次是指光合色素的指数，即类胡萝卜素反射指数（CRI-1）和光化学反射指数（PRI）。可以得出结论，光谱植被指数原则上是非破坏性监测草甘膦在农业上应用的合适替代。需要进一步研究以验证其在现场条件下的适用性。但是，目前操作监视受到卫星传感器的时间和频谱分辨率的要求的限制。可以得出结论，光谱植被指数原则上是非破坏性监测草甘膦在农业领域应用的合适替代。需要进一步研究以验证其在现场条件下的适用性。但是，目前操作监视受到卫星传感器的时间和频谱分辨率的要求的限制。可以得出结论，光谱植被指数原则上是非破坏性监测草甘膦在农业领域应用的合适替代。需要进一步研究以验证其在现场条件下的适用性。但是，目前操作监视受到卫星传感器的时间和频谱分辨率的要求的限制。