Maine is the largest producer of wild blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton) in the United States. Pollination comes from combinations of honey bees (Apis mellifera (L.)), commercial bumble bees (Bombus impatiens Cresson), and wild bees. This study addresses (1) previous research addressing wild-blueberry pollination, (2) effects of wild-bee and honey-bee activity densities on fruit set, yield, and crop value, (3) the economic value of wild-bee communities, and (4) economic consequences of pollinator loss. Bee communities were sampled in 40 fields over three years (2010–2012) and bee activity densities were estimated for bumble bees, honey bees, and other wild bees. These data were applied to an economic model to estimate the value of bee taxa. Bumble bees and honey bees predicted fruit set and reduced its spatial heterogeneity. Other wild bees were not significant predictors of fruit set. Yield was predicted by fruit set and field size, but not pest management tactics. Our analysis showed that disruption in supply of honey bees would result in nearly a 30% decrease in crop yield, buffered in part by wild bees that provide “background” levels of pollination. Honey-bee stocking density and, thus, the activity density of honey bees was greater in larger fields, but not for wild bees. Therefore, a decrease in crop yield would be greater than 30% for large fields due to the proportionally greater investment in honey bees in large fields and a relatively lower contribution by wild bees.

中文翻译：

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美国缅因州野生蓝莓（Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton）生产中的野生和管理蜜蜂（Apoidea）提供的授粉服务的文献综述

缅因州是美国最大的野生蓝莓（Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton）生产商。授粉来自蜜蜂（蜜蜂）（Apis mellifera（L.）），商业大黄蜂（Bombus impatiens）Cresson）和野蜂。这项研究针对（1）先前针对野生蓝莓授粉的研究；（2）蜜蜂和蜜蜂的活动密度对坐果，产量和农作物价值的影响；（3）蜜蜂的经济价值； （4）传粉媒介损失的经济后果。在三年（2010-2012年）的40个田地中对蜜蜂群落进行了采样，并估计了大黄蜂，蜜蜂和其他野生蜂的蜜蜂活动密度。将这些数据应用于经济模型，以估计蜂类群的价值。大黄蜂和蜜蜂预测了坐果并减少了其空间异质性。其他野生蜜蜂不是结实的重要预测指标。产量是根据坐果和田间大小预测的，而不是根据害虫防治策略预测的。我们的分析表明，蜜蜂供应中断会导致作物产量降低近30％，部分受到提供“背景”授粉水平的野生蜜蜂的缓冲。在较大的田地中，蜜蜂的放养密度和蜜蜂的活动密度更高，而野生蜜蜂则没有。因此，由于大田对蜜蜂的投资成比例增加，而野生蜂的贡献相对较低，因此大田的作物减产将大于30％。