Abstract

Gastrointestinal diseases and eating disorders are among the most common pathologies in the world. One of the most widespread and dangerous consequence of many eating disorders is an uncontrolled weight gain that often leads to obesity. This review focuses on the 15-year-long studies of obestatin, one of the potential regulators of eating behavior. This peptide contains 23 amino-acids and appears due to the processing of the preproghrelin gene responsible for the coding of another orexigenic protein ghrelin. Obestatin and ghrelin have multiple physiological functions, including appetite regulation. Obestatin was originally obtained from the gastric mucosa in rats, but subsequent studies showed that it could be expressed in various tissues and had different effects in various organs and tissues. This review emphasizes possible anorexigenic effects of this peptide and their mechanisms. Despite the 15 years of research on obestatin, its influence on different organs and the mechanism of anorexigenic effects in particular bring about a lot of discussion. This is primarily due to the ambiguity of the peptide receptors’ determination and is also related to the possible degradation of the molecule into small fragments, which, in turn, can have their own effects. The local effects of obestatin and its derivatives in peripheral tissues and the possible effect at the central level indicate the potential of these peptides for further studies. For example, these compounds can be considered as the potential therapeutic compounds for eating disorders’ treatment. The aim of this work was to describe the relevance of the problem associated with obesity treatment and to summarize the results of numerous studies on obestatin and its fragments and their effects on appetite regulation in order to explain its possible mechanisms.

中文翻译：

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肥胖抑制素及其片段：正常和病理条件下体重调节的新方法

摘要

胃肠道疾病和饮食失调是世界上最常见的病理。许多饮食失调最普遍和最危险的后果之一是体重增加不受控制，常常导致肥胖。这篇综述着重于肥胖抑制素的15年研究，肥胖抑制素是饮食行为的潜在调节剂之一。该肽含有23个氨基酸，由于前proghrelin基因的加工而出现，而preproghrelin基因负责编码另一种致癌蛋白ghrelin。Obestatin和Ghrelin具有多种生理功能，包括食欲调节。肥胖抑制素最初是从大鼠的胃粘膜中获得的，但随后的研究表明它可以在多种组织中表达，并且在多种器官和组织中具有不同的作用。这篇评论强调了这种肽可能的厌食作用及其机制。尽管对雌激素抑制素的研究已经进行了15年，但其对不同器官的影响，尤其是对厌食症的作用机制引起了很多讨论。这主要是由于肽受体确定的含糊性，并且还与分子可能降解为小片段有关，而小片段又可能具有自己的作用。肥胖抑制素及其衍生物在周围组织中的局部作用以及在中央水平的可能作用表明这些肽具有进一步研究的潜力。例如，这些化合物可以被认为是饮食失调症治疗的潜在治疗化合物。