Abstract

The diaphragm is a unique skeletal muscle; it is active throughout the lifetime and, therefore, differs from locomotor muscles in the properties of muscle fibers and the mechanisms of blood supply control. The aim of this review was to survey the structural characteristics of diaphragm muscle tissue, which provide its integral contractile properties; to compare the activity of vascular tone control mechanisms in the diaphragm and locomotor muscles; and to explore their relationship with the regulation of contractile function. The diaphragm differs from the majority of skeletal muscles by a high content of both slow fatigue-resistant muscle fibers of type I and fast fibers of type IIb, which provides endurance and high force-velocity characteristics of the diaphragm. The muscle fibers in the diaphragm are smaller, and the density of capillarization is much higher than in locomotor muscles. Arteries and arterioles that regulate blood supply to the diaphragm capillary bed combine the properties of arteries from muscles composed mainly of oxidative or mainly of glycolytic fibers. Such variety provides blood flow in the diaphragm adequate to its functional load with various patterns of activity. The mechanisms of vasoregulation in the diaphragm can qualitatively differ in the proximal and distal parts of the vascular bed. The functional properties of the proximal arteries can in part be explained by their proximity to the aorta and their small length. The contractile characteristics and blood supply of the diaphragm in various conditions should be considered when conducting respiratory muscle training in sports and rehabilitation medicine.

中文翻译：

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肌：血液供应调节与收缩功能特征之间的关系

摘要

横diaphragm膜是一种独特的骨骼肌。它在整个生命周期中都是活跃的，因此与运动性肌肉的不同之处在于其肌肉纤维的性质和血液供应控制的机制。这篇综述的目的是调查diaphragm肌组织的结构特征，以提供其整体的收缩特性。比较the肌和运动肌的血管紧张度控制机制的活动；并探讨它们与收缩功能调节的关系。隔膜与大多数骨骼肌的不同之处在于，I型的耐慢疲劳的慢速肌纤维和IIb型的快速纤维的高含量，从而提供了隔膜的耐力和高速度力特性。the肌中的肌纤维较小，并且毛细血管化的密度要比运动性肌肉高得多。调节向隔膜毛细管床供血的动脉和小动脉结合了主要由氧化性纤维或主要由糖酵解性纤维组成的肌肉的动脉特性。这种变化使隔膜中的血液流动以各种活动模式足以满足其功能负荷。隔膜中的血管调节机制在血管床的近端和远端部分可能在质量上有所不同。近端动脉的功能特性部分可以通过它们与主动脉的接近程度和较小的长度来解释。在运动和康复医学中进行呼吸肌训练时，应考虑各种条件下the肌的收缩特性和血液供应。