To investigate the variation in seasonal soil respiration (SR) as a function of soil temperature (Ts) and soil water content (SWC) in Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica) forests in urban (Mt. Nam) and well-reserved (Mt. Jeombong) areas in South Korea, we conducted continuous field measurements of SR and other environmental parameters (Ts and SWC) using an automated chamber system. Overall, the SR rates in both stands were strongly correlated with the Ts variable during all seasons. However, abrupt fluctuations in SR were significantly related to episodic increases in SWC on a short time scale during the growing season. The integrated optimal regression models for SR using Ts at a depth of 5 cm and SWC at a depth of 15 cm yielded the following: the SR rate in Mt. Nam = SR(Ts) + ΔSR(Ts) = 104.87 exp(0.1108T_s) − 10.09(SWC)² + 604.2(SWC) − 8627.7 for Ts ≥ 0 °C, and the SR rate in Mt. Jeombong = SR(Ts) + ΔSR(Ts) = 95.608 exp(0.1304Ts) − 33.086(SWC)² + 1949.2(SWC) − 28499 for Ts ≥ 0 °C. In both cases, SR = 0 for Ts < 0 °C. As per these equations, the estimated annual total SRs were 1339.4 g C m⁻² for Mt. Nam and 1003.0 g C m⁻² for Mt. Jeombong. These values were quite similar to the measured values in field. Our results demonstrate that the improved empirical equation is an effective tool for estimating and predicting SR variability and provide evidence that the SR of Q. mongolica forests in the cool temperate zone of Korean Peninsula depends on Ts and SWC variables.

中文翻译：

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韩国凉爽温带蒙古栎（Quercus mongolica Fisch。Ex Ledeb。）森林土壤呼吸的季节性变化

研究城市（南山）和保存完好的（正宗山）蒙古栎（Quercus mongolica）森林的季节性土壤呼吸（SR）随土壤温度（Ts）和土壤水分（SWC）的变化）在韩国地区，我们使用自动室系统对SR和其他环境参数（Ts和SWC）进行了连续的现场测量。总体而言，在所有季节中，两个林分的SR率均与Ts变量密切相关。然而，在生长期短时间内，SR的突然波动与SWC的突然增加显着相关。使用5 cm深度处的Ts和15 cm深度处的SWC的SR的综合最优回归模型得出以下结果：SR的Mt值。Nam = SR（Ts）+ΔSR（Ts）= 104.87 exp（0.1108T_s）− 10.09（SWC）² + 604.2（SWC）− 8627.7（对于Ts≥0°C，SR率以Mt. 当Ts≥0 °C时，Jeombong = SR（Ts）+ΔSR（Ts）= 95.608 exp（0.1304Ts）− 33.086（SWC）² + 1949.2（SWC）− 28499。在两种情况下，对于Ts <0°C，SR = 0。根据这些等式，Mt的估计年度总SR为1339.4 g C m ^-2。Nam和Mt的1003.0 g C m ^-2。振邦 这些值与现场的测量值非常相似。我们的结果表明，改进的经验方程是估算和预测SR变异性的有效工具，并提供证据表明朝鲜半岛凉温带的Q. mongolica森林的SR取决于Ts和SWC变量。