With remarkable electrochemical stability/conductivity and abundant porous structure, porous carbon electrodes can store considerable amount of charge electrostatically by reversible adsorption of electrolyte, thereby showing high capacity and cycle stability for supercapacitor. However, there was lack of simple and effective ways to synthesize porous carbon materials with controllable structures. Herein, porous carbon materials with controlled structures (copper coin, 3D framework with closed-packing order, and hollow sphere) have been synthesized by an extension of Stöber method using phenolic resin as carbon sources. SiO₂ nanoparticles (120 nm) were used as the macroporous templates and Pluronic F127/tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as mesoporous templates. Adjusting the amount of TEOS helped to explore the synthesis mechanism. As-synthesized porous carbon materials exhibit high surface area of 316–482 m² g⁻¹ and large pore volumes of 0.306–0.748 cm³ g⁻¹. The materials thereby obtained when used as electrodes in capacitors demonstrate specific capacitance (up to 83 F g⁻¹ at 5 mV s⁻¹) and good robustness after 2000 cycles, which contributed by their abundant porous structure, large surface area/pore volume, morphology, and electrochemical conductivity.

多孔碳电极具有出色的电化学稳定性/导电性和丰富的多孔结构，可通过电解质的可逆吸附来静电存储大量电荷，从而显示出超级电容器的高容量和循环稳定性。但是，缺乏简单有效的方法来合成结构可控的多孔碳材料。在此，通过使用酚醛树脂作为碳源的Stöber方法的扩展，已经合成了具有受控结构的多孔碳材料（铜硬币，具有紧密堆积顺序的3D框架和空心球）。二氧化硅₂使用纳米粒子（120 nm）作为大孔模板，使用Pluronic F127 /原硅酸四乙酯（TEOS）作为中孔模板。调节TEOS的量有助于探索合成机理。合成后的多孔碳材料具有316–482 m ²  g ^-1的高表面积，以及0.306–0.748 cm ³  g ^-1的大孔体积。作为电容器的电极使用时，由此得到的材料表现的比电容（高达83 F G ^-1以5mV小号^-1）和良好的鲁棒性2000次循环，这有助于通过丰富多孔结构之后，大的表面积/孔体积形态和电化学电导率。