Inflammopharmacology ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-10 , DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00749-9 Mariam I Gamal El-Din 1 , Fadia S Youssef 1 , Riham S Said 2 , Mohamed L Ashour 1 , Omayma A Eldahshan 1, 3 , Abdel Nasser B Singab 1, 3
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Gastric ulcer is a very common illness that adversely affects a significant number of people all over the globe. Phytochemical investigation of P. glabra leaf alcohol extract (PGLE) resulted in the isolation and Characterization of a new nature compound, quercetin-3- O-α -L-rhamnosyl-(1′''-6′')-(4′'- O -acetyl)-β -D-galactoside (4), in addition to seven known compounds. They are ferulic acid (1), p- coumaric acid (2), quercetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnoside-3′-O-β-D-glucoside (3), quercetin-3- O-α -L-rhamnosyl-(1′''-6′')-(4′'- O -acetyl)- β –Dgalactoside (4), quercetin-3- O—β -D-galactoside (5), 7-hydroxy maltol-3-O-β-D-glucoside (6), maltol-3- O-β -D-glucoside (7), and methyl coumarate (8) that were first to be isolated from the genus Pachira. PGLE demonstrated in vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori activity. Moreover, the in vivo gastroprotective assessment of PGLE at different dosses, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg against ethanol induced ulceration revealed a dose-dependent gastroprotection comparable to omeprazole. PGLE attenuated gastric lesions and histopathological changes triggered by ethanol. Interestingly, PGLE exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect through down-regulating the expression of nuclear factor-ĸB and pro-inflammatory enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 in the ulcer group. It also hindered apoptosis through decreasing Bax and increasing Bcl-2 expression hence decreasing Bax/Bcl2 ratio with a subsequent reduction in caspase 3 expression. Collectively, P. glabra is a rich reservoir of various phytochemicals reflecting a promising potential for alleviation of gastric ulcer through the mediation of inflammatory and apoptotic cascades.
Graphic abstract
中文翻译：
Pachira glabra 叶的化学成分和胃保护潜力在实验大鼠模型中对抗乙醇诱导的胃溃疡。
胃溃疡是一种非常常见的疾病，对全球很多人产生不利影响。P. glabra叶醇提取物 (PGLE) 的植物化学研究导致分离和表征了一种新的天然化合物，槲皮素-3-O-α -L-鼠李糖基-(1'''-6'')-(4' “ - ø -乙酰基） - β -D-半乳糖苷（4），除7种已知化合物。它们是阿魏酸（1），p -香豆酸（2），槲皮素-3- -O-α- L-鼠李糖苷-3'- O-β -D-葡糖苷（3），槲皮素-3- O- α -L -rhamnosyl-(1'''-6'')-(4''- O -acetyl)- β-Dgalactoside (4), quercetin-3- O - β-D-半乳糖苷（5）、7-羟基麦芽酚-3- O -β-D-葡萄糖苷（6）、麦芽酚-3- O - β- D-葡萄糖苷（7）和香豆酸甲酯（8）从 Pachira 属中分离出来。PGLE 在体外表现出抗幽门螺杆菌活性。此外，100、200 和 400 mg/kg 不同剂量的 PGLE 对乙醇诱导的溃疡的体内胃保护评估揭示了与奥美拉唑相当的剂量依赖性胃保护。PGLE 减轻了由乙醇引发的胃损伤和组织病理学变化。有趣的是，PGLE通过下调溃疡组核因子-ĸB和促炎酶环氧合酶-2的表达而表现出抗炎作用。它还通过降低 Bax 和增加 Bcl-2 表达来阻碍细胞凋亡，从而降低 Bax/Bcl2 比率，随后降低 caspase 3 表达。总的来说，P. glabra是各种植物化学物质的丰富储存库，反映了通过介导炎症和细胞凋亡级联反应缓解胃溃疡的有希望的潜力。
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