Abstract
Gastric ulcer is a very common illness that adversely affects a significant number of people all over the globe. Phytochemical investigation of P. glabra leaf alcohol extract (PGLE) resulted in the isolation and Characterization of a new nature compound, quercetin-3- O-α -L-rhamnosyl-(1′''-6′')-(4′'- O -acetyl)-β -D-galactoside (4), in addition to seven known compounds. They are ferulic acid (1), p- coumaric acid (2), quercetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnoside-3′-O-β-D-glucoside (3), quercetin-3- O-α -L-rhamnosyl-(1′''-6′')-(4′'- O -acetyl)- β –Dgalactoside (4), quercetin-3- O—β -D-galactoside (5), 7-hydroxy maltol-3-O-β-D-glucoside (6), maltol-3- O-β -D-glucoside (7), and methyl coumarate (8) that were first to be isolated from the genus Pachira. PGLE demonstrated in vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori activity. Moreover, the in vivo gastroprotective assessment of PGLE at different dosses, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg against ethanol induced ulceration revealed a dose-dependent gastroprotection comparable to omeprazole. PGLE attenuated gastric lesions and histopathological changes triggered by ethanol. Interestingly, PGLE exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect through down-regulating the expression of nuclear factor-ĸB and pro-inflammatory enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 in the ulcer group. It also hindered apoptosis through decreasing Bax and increasing Bcl-2 expression hence decreasing Bax/Bcl2 ratio with a subsequent reduction in caspase 3 expression. Collectively, P. glabra is a rich reservoir of various phytochemicals reflecting a promising potential for alleviation of gastric ulcer through the mediation of inflammatory and apoptotic cascades.
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The authors would like to acknowledge the Center of Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University for hosting the NMR measurements of the isolated compounds.
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MI.GE-D: conceptualization, data curation, writing the original draft. FS.Y: validation, investigation, supervision, manuscript reviewing and editing. RS.S: biological investigations, writing the original draft. ML. A: visualization, supervision, manuscript reviewing and editing. OA.E: visualization, supervision, manuscript reviewing and editing. ANB.S: visualization, supervision, manuscript reviewing and editing, project administration.
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Supplementary file1 (DOCX 34312 kb) Supplementary material Different 1D, 2D NMR spectra, and mass spectra of the different isolated compounds as well as the experimental scheme of extraction of P. glabra leaves and isolation of its compounds are illustrated in the supplementary data in figures S1-S29.
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El-Din, M.I.G., Youssef, F.S., Said, R.S. et al. Chemical constituents and gastro-protective potential of Pachira glabra leaves against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in experimental rat model. Inflammopharmacol 29, 317–332 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-020-00749-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-020-00749-9